Table 3.
Adjusted hazard ratios for cancer in the Inso-Hyp and NonInso-Hyp groups according to the type, half-life, and doses of sedative-hypnotics drugs
| Variable | Cancer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Cases | PY | Incidence | CHR (95% CI) | AHR (95% CI) | |
| Inso-Hyp vs. Inso-NonHyp | ||||||
| Typea | ||||||
| NonHyp | 17064 | 392 | 119187.92 | 3.29 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| NonBZD | 354 | 8 | 2305.16 | 3.47 | 1.08 (0.54-2.18) | 1.11 (0.55-2.24) |
| BZD | 840 | 22 | 5825.99 | 3.78 | 1.15 (0.75-1.77) | 1.02 (0.67-1.57) |
| Half-lifeb | ||||||
| NonHyp | 17064 | 392 | 119187.92 | 3.29 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Short-acting | 483 | 12 | 3158.77 | 3.80 | 1.18 (0.67-2.10) | 1.22 (0.68-2.16) |
| Intermediate-acting | 1232 | 33 | 8074.47 | 4.09 | 1.27 (0.89-1.81) | 1.16 (0.81-1.65) |
| Long-acting | 2551 | 88 | 16864.17 | 5.22 | 1.62 (1.28-2.04)** | 1.73 (1.37-2.19)** |
| Dosec | ||||||
| NonHyp | 17064 | 392 | 119187.92 | 3.29 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Low | 138 | 5 | 621.57 | 8.04 | 3.13(1.29-7.56)* | 2.70(1.12-6.54)* |
| Medium | 474 | 15 | 2130.92 | 7.04 | 2.75(1.64-4.61)** | 2.07(1.23-3.49)* |
| High | 5485 | 157 | 25001.66 | 6.28 | 2.43(2.01-2.94)** | 2.46(2.02-3.00)** |
| NonInso-Hyp vs. NonInso-NonHyp | ||||||
| Typed | ||||||
| NonHyp | 17804 | 410 | 113218.87 | 3.62 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| NonBZD | 278 | 9 | 1462.55 | 6.15 | 1.97 (1.01-3.81)* | 1.93 (1.00-3.75) |
| BZD | 2492 | 70 | 13899.56 | 5.04 | 1.56 (1.21-2.01)** | 1.51 (1.17-1.95)* |
| Half-lifee | ||||||
| NonHyp | 17804 | 410 | 113218.87 | 3.62 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Short-acting | 592 | 18 | 3114.44 | 5.78 | 1.83 (1.14-2.94)* | 1.75 (1.09-2.82)* |
| Intermediate-acting | 1481 | 44 | 8075.53 | 5.45 | 1.70 (1.24-2.32)** | 1.65 (1.21-2.26)* |
| Long-acting | 2378 | 73 | 13780.34 | 5.30 | 1.59 (1.24-2.04)** | 1.69 (1.31-2.17)** |
| Dosec | ||||||
| NonHyp | 17804 | 410 | 113218.87 | 3.62 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Low | 957 | 56 | 3555.39 | 15.75 | 6.79(5.11-9.02)** | 5.47(4.10-7.30)** |
| Medium | 1764 | 60 | 6157.22 | 9.74 | 4.57(3.46-6.03)** | 3.77(2.85-5.00)** |
| High | 5393 | 168 | 20844.67 | 8.06 | 3.32(2.75-4.00)** | 3.42(2.82-4.14)** |
aOverall, 3,072 patients prescribed BZDs and nonBZDs were excluded. bIn total, 3,227 patients (75.64%) switched from short-acting to intermediate-acting (N=920) or long-acting (N=2307) sedative-hypnotic drugs, and 198 patients (4.64%) switched from intermediate-acting to long-acting sedative-hypnotic drugs. cLow, year mean defined daily dose (DDD) of 7 to 30 during follow-up period; Medium, year mean DDD of 31 to 90 in during follow-up period; High, mean DDD of at least 91 during follow-up period. dOverall, 1,681 patients prescribed BZDs and nonBZDs were excluded. eIn total, 2,027 patients (45.54%) switched from short-acting to intermediate-acting (N=672) or long-acting (N=1355) sedative-hypnotic drugs, and 571 patients (12.83%) switched from intermediate-acting to long-acting sedative-hypnotic drugs. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.001. AHR, adjusted hazard ratio (adjusted for patient age, sex, income, residential region, urbanization, and Charlson comorbidity index); BZD, benzodiazepine; CI, confidence interval.