Figure 2.

TNF‐α promotes cell apoptosis in human‐induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. hiPSC‐CMs were treated with various doses of TNF‐α (10, 20, 40, 80 or 160 ng/mL) for 24 h. Then the viability of hiPSC‐CMs was evaluated by CCK‐8 assay (A). TNF‐α–induced hiPSC‐CM apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI assay double staining assay (B). Quantitative analysis of apoptosis rate (C). MMP was measured by JC‐1 (D). Values are expressed as the means ± SD from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 significantly different between two groups