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. 2019 Jun 19;9:8824. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45348-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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PPA Promotes Glial Cells Differentiation In Vitro. (A) Depicts fluorescent representative images of differentiated cells from hNSCs with green color for GFAP positive cells (a,e,I,m,q, and u), red for Tubulin-IIIβ positive cells (b,f,j,n,r, and v), blue color for DAPI positive cells (c,g,k,o,s, and w), and merged images of all three channels per treatment in (d,h,l,p,t, and x) for Control, PPA (2 mM), β-HB + PPA, BA (2 mM), β-HB + BA, and β-HB treatments, respectively. Magnification 25x and scale bar 25 um. (B) Represents quantitative analysis of the Mean of % positive neural cell markers over total DAPI with black bars for Tubulin-IIIβ positive, and blue bars for GFAP positive cells. Data was collected from a minimum of (n = 3) random areas per duplicated treatment setting. Statistical significance was tested using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey and confirmed with Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests. (*p < 0.05, F (13, 28) = 2.520), for GFAP vs Tubulin-IIIβ positive cells within the ([) limited treatments.