Table 2.
Peak forces and torques recorded at the tibiofemoral joint during robotically simulated DVJ tasks. Peak values were reported for both directions of loading within each degree of freedom.
| Landing phase |
First 50 ms |
Initial contact |
Maximum flexion |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | |
| Force (%BW) | ||||||||
| Posterior | 12.9 | 9.2 | −1.4 | 0.5 | −2.2 | −0.6 | −15.8 | −12.5 |
| Anterior | 17.2 | 15.3 | 2.5 | 0.7 | − | − | − | − |
| Lateral | 20.2a | 13.7a | 1.6 | 2.2 | −0.5 | 0.3 | −0.3 | −1.4 |
| Medial | 3.6 | 5.2 | 0.6 | 0.0 | − | − | − | − |
| Distraction | −17.7 | −29.5 | −38.7 | −54.4 | −39.1 | −54.7 | −79.9 | −106.7 |
| Compression | 187.9 | 207.1 | 56.5 | 71.6 | − | − | − | - |
| Torque (N*m) | ||||||||
| External | 4.2 | 3.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | −0.1 | 0.1 | 2.8 | 2.0 |
| Internal | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | − | − | − | − |
| Extension | 29.9 | 22.0 | 5.3 | 7.7 | 3.8 | 5.8 | −24.9 | −22.9 |
| Flexion | 27.7 | 28.2 | −3.1 | −5.4 | − | − | − | − |
| Abduction | 3.2 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | −14.1 | −20.4 |
| Adduction | 20.1 | 25.6 | 3.2 | 0.6 | − | − | − | − |
a
Indicates significant difference (P < 0.05) between values generated during simulation of male and female kinematics.