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. 2019 Jun 19;9:8722. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45039-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Electrophoresis pattern of sex markers and positive control (actin) amplified in six male and six female plants. Images shown here are sections cropped from two separate gels (see Supplementary Fig. S5 for full length gel images). Male and female markers are presumptive U- and V-linked sequences, respectively. Plants were originally collected from five natural populations spanning a range of environmental conditions. In total, sex markers were validated in nine male and nine female plants, but only six individuals of each sex are shown here.