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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 20.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Sports Med. 2015 Jul 6;43(9):2259–2269. doi: 10.1177/0363546515589165

TABLE 1.

Peak Forces and Torques Generated During Simulations Performed in the ACL-Isolated Conditiona

Female DVJ Male DVJ Female Cut Male Cut
Force, %BW
 Posterior 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0
 Anterior −4.6b −5.0b −0.1 −4.9b
 Lateral 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0b
 Medial − 1.8b − 1.5b −0.1 −2.0b
 Distraction 2.9 2.9 0.1 2.7
 Compression −0.1 −0.2 −0.3b −0.1
Torque, Nm
 External 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
 Internal −0.2 −0.1 0.0 −0.1
 Extension 0.9 0.8 0.6b 1.5b
 Flexion −8.2b −8.6b 0.1 −8.0b
 Abduction 2.9 2.4b −0.1 3.1b
 Adduction −0.5b −0.4b −0.3 −0.7
a

Forces and torques values are directional: that is, opposing forces along a single axis generated opposite signs. The posterior, lateral, distraction, external, extension, and abduction directions are represented by positive values. ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; BW, body weight; DVJ, drop vertical jump.

b

Significant difference between anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament.