Figure. Participant Flow Diagram.

Of the 582 patients approached, 71 (8.2%) did not meet eligibility criteria and 115 (22.5%) refused to participate. Of those enrolled and randomized, 359 participants (90.7%) received the intervention. The a priori analysis plan was to include only those participants who filled an opioid prescription and also stopped taking opioids at the follow-up time point with pills remaining. After the noted exclusions, 208 participants were included in the primary analysis.