Table 3.
Recommended biochemical and radiological surveillance for MEN1-associated tumors in patients with MEN1 and MEN1 mutation carriers (8).
| Tumor | Age to begin screening (years) | Biochemical test (serum or plasma) annually | Imaging test (time interval) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parathyroid | 8 | Calcium, PTH | None |
| Gastrinoma | 20 | Gastrin (± gastric pH) | None |
| Insulinoma | 5 | Fasting glucose, insulin | None |
| Other pNETs | <10 | CgA; PPP; glucagon; VIP | MRI, CT, or EUS (annually) |
| Anterior pituitary | 5 | Prolactin, IGF-1 | MRI (every 3 years) |
| Adrenal | <10 | None unless symptoms or signs of functioning tumor and/or tumor >1 cm identified on imaging | MRI or CT (annually with pancreatic imaging) |
| Thymic and bronchial carcinoid | 15 | None | CT or MRI (every 1–2 years) |
MEN1, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1; PTH, parathyroid hormone; pNET, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; CgA, chromogranin A; PPP, pancreatic polypeptide; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CT, computed tomography; EUS, endoscopic ultrasound; IGF-1, insulin like growth factor-1.