Table 1.
Constructs and instruments in the basic DREAM study.
| Community sample (DREAM) | Clinical sample (DREAMMBU) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constructs | Instruments | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 |
| SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | |||||||||
| Nationality and mother tongue | Questions derived from the German National Cohort (German National Cohort Consortium, 2014) | x | x | ||||||
| Education | Questions derived from the German National Cohort (German National Cohort Consortium, 2014) | x | x | ||||||
| Marital status | Questions derived from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP; TNS Infratest Sozialforschung, 2016) and self-generated questions | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Children and former pregnancies | Questions derived from the BRISE study based on the BabyCare Project (Friese and Kirschner, 2003) | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Housing | Questions derived from the German National Cohort (German National Cohort Consortium, 2014) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| WORK-RELATED FACTORS | |||||||||
| Working hours and professional group | Questions derived from the German National Cohort (German National Cohort Consortium, 2014) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Job satisfaction and job burden | Questions derived from the BRISE study based on the BabyCare Project (Friese and Kirschner, 2003) and the Exploration Questionnaire for Identification of Differential Learning Paths in the Social Development in Toddler Age (“Explorationsfragebogen zur Identifikation differentieller Lernwege in den ersten beiden Lebensjahren”, IDL 0-2; Petermann et al., 2002) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Sick leave and adaption of work situation in pregnancy | Questions derived from the ABC study (e.g., Dørheim et al., 2013) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Shift work | Questions derived from the BRISE study based on the BabyCare Project (Friese and Kirschner, 2003) | x | x | x | |||||
| Precariousness | Employment Precariousness Scale–Revised (EPRES; Vives et al., 2015) | x | x | x | |||||
| Psychosocial work stress | Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI; Siegrist, 1996; Rödel et al., 2004) | x | x | x | |||||
| Work-privacy conflict | One scale (work-privacy conflict) of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ; Kristensen et al., 2005; Nübling et al., 2005) | x | x | x | |||||
| Plans and actual parental leave | Self-generated questions | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Satisfaction with distribution of parental leave | Self-generated questions | x | x | x | x | ||||
| DISTRIBUTION OF DOMESTIC WORK AND CHILD CARE | |||||||||
| Attitudes toward distribution of domestic work | Nine scales (effective communication about domestic labor, ministering to family needs, support of wage work, responsive to personal needs, avoiding conflict, coprovider orientation, valuing homemaking, standards, women's ultimate accountability) of the Orientation Toward Domestic Labor Questionnaire (ODL-Q; Hawkins et al., 1998) | x | x | x | |||||
| Distribution of domestic work and child care | Questions derived from the ABC study | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Time spent for domestic work and child care | Questions derived from the 1997 National Study of the Changing Workforce (Hall and MacDermid, 2009) | x | x | ||||||
| SOMATIC FACTORS | |||||||||
| Current and former somatic health | Questions derived from the ABC study (e.g., Garthus-Niegel et al., 2018; Junge et al., 2018) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Exercise and physical activity | Questions derived from the ABC study generated by health professionals (e.g., Gjestland et al., 2013) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Health-related quality of life | Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8; Ware et al., 2001; Ellert et al., 2005) | x | x | ||||||
| Drugs | Questions derived from the ABC study generated by health professionals (e.g., Nordeng et al., 2012) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Smoking | Slightly modified questions derived from the German National Cohort (German National Cohort Consortium, 2014) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Alcohol | Questions derived from the German National Cohort (German National Cohort Consortium, 2014) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| MENTAL FACTORS | |||||||||
| Current and former mental disorders and treatments | Self-generated questions Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID I and SCID II; Wittchen et al., 1997) |
x | x | x | xx | x | x | x | |
| Use of early help | Self-generated questions | x | x | ||||||
| Symptoms of depression | Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; Cox et al., 1987; Bergant et al., 1998) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Psychopathological symptoms | Four scales (somatization, obsessiveness, anxiety and anger/hostility) of the Symptom Check List–Revised (Derogatis, 1977; Franke and Derogatis, 2002) Brief symptom inventory (BSI; Derogatis, 1993; Franke, 2000) |
x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Current and former critical life events | Questions derived from the BRISE study based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; Thomson et al., 2014) | x | x | x | x | x | |||
| Current and former posttraumatic stress reactions | Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS; Ehlers et al., 1996; Foa et al., 1997) | xc | xc | xc | x | x | x | x | |
| Adverse childhood experiences | Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ; Bernstein and Fink, 1998; Wingenfeld et al., 2010) | xc | x | ||||||
| Intradyadic stress and extradyadic stress from daily hassles | Multidimensional Stress Questionnaire for Couples (“Multidimensionaler Stressfragebogen für Paare”, MDSP; Bodenmann, 2007) | x | x | ||||||
| RELATIONSHIP FACTORS | |||||||||
| Relationship satisfaction | Short version of the Partnership Questionnaire (“Kurzform des Partnerschaftsfragebogens,” PFB-K; Kliem et al., 2012) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Social support | Short version of the Social Support Questionnaire (“Fragebogen zur Sozialen Unterstützung,” F-SozU-14; Fydrich et al., 2009) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| PREGNANCY AND BIRTH-RELATED FACTORS | |||||||||
| Fear of childbirtha | Fear of Birth Scale (FOBS; Haines et al., 2011) | x | |||||||
| General information and complications during pregnancy and birtha | Maternity records (“Mutterpass”; Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss, 2015), questions derived from the BRISE study, and self-generated questions | x | x | ||||||
| Birth experienceb | Salmon's Item List (SIL; Stadlmayr et al., 2001) | x | x | ||||||
| Overall birth experienceb | Question derived from the ABC study (e.g., Garthus-Niegel et al., 2014) | x | x | ||||||
| Fear for oneself/mother and child during birthb | Self-generated questions based on the ABC study (e.g., Garthus-Niegel et al., 2013) | x | x | ||||||
| Fear of a prospective birthb | Question derived from the ABC study | x | x | ||||||
| Birth-related post-traumatic stress reactions | Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R; Weiss and Marmar, 1996; Maercker and Schützwohl, 1998) | x | x | ||||||
| CHILD-RELATED FACTORS | |||||||||
| Breastfeeding | Self-generated questions based on recommendations of the World Health Organization (World Health Organization, 2009) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Parent-to-infant-bonding | Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ; Brockington et al., 2001; Reck et al., 2006) | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Sensitivity toward baby's signals | Semi-standardized observation of maternal sensitivity (global score and six subscales) toward baby's signals (Galeris, 2016) | x | x | ||||||
| Parenting sense of competence | Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (“Fragebogen zum Kompetenzgefühl von Eltern,” FKE; Gibaud-Wattston and Wandersman, 1978, as cited in Johnston and Mash, 1989; Miller, 2001) | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Parenting stress | Parenting Stress Index (“Eltern-Belastungs-Inventar,” EBI; Abidin, 1995; Tröster, 2011) | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Infant regulation disorders | Structured Diagnostic Interview for Regulatory Problems in Infancy (“Diagnostisches Interview bei psychischen Störungen im Säuglings- und Kleinkindalter,” Baby-DIPS; Popp et al., 2016) | x | x | ||||||
| Child health | Medical records (“Kinderuntersuchungsheft”; Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss, 2016) and questions derived from the ABC study | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| Child development | Five scales (communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, personal-social) of the 14 and 24 month version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3; Squires and Bricker, 2009) | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Child temperament | One scale (fussy/difficult scale) of the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ; Bates et al., 1979) | x | |||||||
| Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ; Rothbart, 1981; Pauli-Pott et al., 1999) | x | ||||||||
| Child care | Questions derived from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP; TNS Infratest Sozialforschung, 2016) | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
| PERSONALITY | Big Five Inventory–SOEP (BFI-S; Schupp and Gerlitz, 2008) | x | |||||||
| METACOGNITION | Metacognition Questionnaire–Short version (MFK-30; Wells and Cartwright-Hatton, 2004; Arndt et al., 2011) | x | |||||||
Regarding community sample (DREAM), T1 during pregnancy, T2 8 weeks after anticipated birth date, T3 14 months, and T4 2 years after actual birth date (prolongation into middle childhood planned). Regarding clinical sample (DREAMMBU), T1 at admission and T2 at discharge (hair samples will be taken 2 months after discharge) from mother-baby-unit, T3 14 months (will only be omitted if the sampling point at discharge from mother-baby-unit is not too close, i.e., 14 months postpartum ± 2 months), T4 at 2 years after actual birth date.
a
Only for expectant mothers.
b
Male and female partners only asked when they have attended birth.
c
Only for DREAMHAIR.