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. 2019 Jun 13;7:397. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00397

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Secondary-sphere strategies known to improve catalytic selectivity and activity include pendent proton donors/shuttles in the form of Brønsted sites, charged moieties, sterically demanding functional groups, bimetallic active species, and stoichiometric participation of alkali and alkaline earth metal cations.