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Schematic summary of CRISPR/Cas endonuclease concepts. (A) Different formats in which Cas protein, gRNA, and HDR templates can be used to achieve gene editing. (B) The active RNP complex acts by cleaving 2 DNA strands at the sgRNA target site in the prescence of a PAM sequence (red). Three repair mechanisms can occur: (1) NHEJ, which can induce gene knockout by random indel formation; (2, 3) HDR using a ssDNA or dsDNA template, respectively.7
