Table 1.
The interactions between oncolytic paramyxoviruses and autophagy pathway
| Virus . | Proteins induce autophagy | Cell/Tumor model | Autophagy/ ICD induction | Citation (s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Newcastle disease virus | NP/P | U251 | LC3-I to LC3- II conversion | Meng et al. (2012) |
| CEF, DF-1 | LC3-I to LC3- II conversion | Sun et al. (2014) [72] | ||
| A549 resistant to cisplatin | PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway | Jiang et al. (2014) [73] | ||
| Lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) | Degradation of (LC3) II and P62 proteins, inhibition of the AKT/mTOR pathway | Hu et al. (2015) [74] | ||
| GL261 | Calreticulin surface exposure, the release of HMGB1 and increase in PMEL17 cancer antigen expression. | Koks et al. (2014) [79] | ||
| A549, H1650, H460 | Induction of secreted HMGB1 and HSP70/90 release. | Ye et al. (2018) [78] | ||
| Measles virus | C/N |
NSCLC NSCLC |
Triggering SQSTM1/p62-mediated mitophagy | Xia et al. (2014) [84] |
| Hela | Induction of autophagy through cellular receptor CD46 and the scaffold protein GOPC | Richetta et al. (2013) [41] | ||
| Sendai virus | NA | NSCLC, Hela, A549 | Triggering autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway | Zhang (2015) [88] and Wang (2018) [89] et al. |
| PC3 | Triggering autophagy through the JNK, p38, and PI3K/beclin-1 pathway | Miao et al. (2018) [89] | ||
| Calu-3 | Induced necrosis | Zhirnov [90] | ||
| morbillivirus | NA | Vero | Vps34/beclin1 autophagic complex | Delpeut et al. (2012) [35] |
NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer, PC3 human prostate cancer cell line, Calu-3 human lung cancer cell line, NP/P nucleocapsid protein/ phosphoprotein, C/N non-structural C/ nucleocapsid protein, NA not available