Table 2.
Participant demographics, clinical data, blood tests, and history of disease according to plasma EL concentration prior to moderate dementia stage
| Categorization into the mean + 1 SD of plasma EL concentration | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower range of EL | Upper range of EL | Total | p-value | |
| < 31.6 ng/ml, n = 85 | ≥ 31.6 ng/ml, n = 15 | n = 100 | ||
| EL (ng/ml) | 18.6 ± 5.6 | 40.7 ± 9.5 | 22.1 ± 10.1 | < 0.001 |
| Age | 74.5 ± 5.3 | 77.9 ± 5.3 | 75.0 ± 5.4 | 0.025 |
| Sex, male/female N (female %) | 56 (66%) | 9 (60%) | 65 (65%) | 0.66 * |
| Education, years | 9.8 ± 4.6 | 9.0 ± 5.4 | 9.7 ± 4.7 | 0.589 |
| BMI | 24.1 ± 2.7 | 23.6 ± 1.9 | 24.0 ± 2.6 | 0.486 |
| Total Protein (g/dL) | 7.0 ± 0.5 | 7.0 ± 0.5 | 7.0 ± 0.5 | 0.878 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 0.635 |
| ApoE4 carrier, N (%) | 24 (28%) | 6 (40%) | 30 (30%) | 0.359 * |
| Amyloid-PET positive N (%) | 27 (32%) | 6 (40%) | 33 (33%) | 0.532 * |
| CDR | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.006 * |
| CDR-SOB | 1.3 ± 1.4 | 2.8 ± 3.0 | 1.5 ± 1.8 | 0.074 |
| MMSE | 26.5 ± 3.3 | 22.6 ± 5.5 | 25.9 ± 3.6 | 0.017 |
| Diagnosis | ||||
| Control, N | 47 | 4 | 51 | 0.042 * |
| MCI, N | 31 | 7 | 38 | |
| AD, N | 7 | 4 | 11 | |
| Disease history, N(%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 12 (14%) | 3 (20%) | 15 (15%) | 0.556 * |
| Hypertension | 43 (51%) | 8 (53%) | 51 (51%) | 0.845 * |
| Hyperlipidemia | 40 (47%) | 7 (47%) | 47 (47%) | 0.978 * |
| Heart disease | 10 (12%) | 2 (13%) | 12 (12%) | 0.863 * |
| Stroke | 4 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (4%) | 0.391 * |
| Traumatic brain injury | 4 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (4%) | 0.391 * |
The continuous value is represented by mean ± SD
p-values are for the t-test, * for chi-squared test of independence
Abbreviation: BMI body mass index, ApoE Apolipoprotein E, CDR clinical dementia rating, CDR-SOB clinical dementia rating scale sum of boxes, MMSE mini-mental state examination, EL endothelial lipase