TABLE 2.
Study Definitions and Details of Positive/Negative Outcomes, Operative Details, and Radiographic Detailsa
| Author (Year) | Procedures Performed During Arthroscopic Surgery | Definition of Negative Outcomes | Negative Outcomes, % | Definition of Positive Outcomes | Alpha Angle, Mean ± SD, deg | Center-Edge Angle, Mean ± SD, deg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ayeni et al1 (2014) | Labral repair (n = 8), femoral osteochondroplasty (n = 49), capsular plication (n = 3), labral debridement (n = 45), acetabular rim trimming (n = 32), microfracture (n = 6), removal of loose bodies (n = 1) | NR | NR | Postoperative mHHS >70 |
NR |
NR |
| Byrd et al5 (2018) | Labral debridement (n = 92), acetabular chondroplasty (n = 68), femoral chondroplasty (n = 23), femoroplasty (n = 81), acetabuloplasty (n = 38) |
Conversion to arthroplasty, repeat arthroscopic surgery | Tönnis grade 0-1: 6.1; Tönnis grade 2: 6.7 | >8-point improvement on mHHS |
NR | NR |
| Byrd and Jones6 (2011) | Femoroplasty (n = 150), acetabuloplasty (n = 10), correction of combined lesions (n = 31) |
NR | NR | mHHS improvement postoperatively | NR | NR |
| Chandrasekaran et al7 (2017) | Study group: labral repair (n = 26), labral debridement (n = 8), labral reconstruction (n = 2), capsular repair (n = 20), capsular release (n = 16), acetabuloplasty (n = 72), microfracture (n = 2), acetabular chondroplasty (n = 21), femoroplasty (n = 1), femoral head microfracture (n = 1), femoral head chondroplasty (n = 10), ligamentum teres treatment (n = 24), iliopsoas release (n = 10), trochanteric bursectomy (n = 1), removal of loose bodies (n = 7); control group: labral repair (n = 26), labral debridement (n = 8), labral reconstruction (n = 2), capsular repair (n = 20), capsular release (n = 16), microfracture (n = 3), acetabular chondroplasty (n = 22), subchondral cyst removal (n = 1), femoroplasty (n = 1), femoral head microfracture (n = 1), femoral head chondroplasty (n = 12), ligamentum teres treatment (n = 17), iliopsoas release (n = 9), removal of loose bodies (n = 6) | NR | NR | Postoperative difference of >10 on mHHS, improvement on HOS-ADL postoperatively, improvement on HOS-SSS postoperatively, improvement on VAS postoperatively, satisfaction on NRS postoperatively | NR | Study group: 45.0 ± 4.69; control group: 31.3 ± 3.72 |
| Claßen et al9 (2016) | Labral debridement (n = 138), labral repair (n = 5), ligamentum teres resection (NR), transcapsular psoas release (NR), femoral head and neck resection (n = 177) | NAHS <55, WOMAC <77, presence of chondral lesions | 81.9 |
NR | NR | NR |
| Comba et al10 (2016) | Microfracture (NR), labral debridement (NR), femoral osteochrondoplasty (NR) |
Requiring THA indicated failure of joint preservation | 17 | NR | NR | NR |
| Cvetanovich et al11 (2018) | Labral repair (n = 391), microfracture (n = 66), femoral osteochondroplasty (n = 410), T-capsulotomy closed (n = 414) | NR | NR | PASS of 87 for HOS-ADL, 75 for HOS-SSS, and 74 for mHHS; MCID of 5 for HOS-ADL, 6 for HOS-SSS, and 8 for mHHS | 61.6 ± 10.7 |
32.9 ± 6.3 |
| Fabricant et al17 (2015) | Labral repair (n = 194), labral debridement (n = 47), microfracture (n = 5) | NR | NR | MCID of 8 for mHHS, 5 for HOS-ADL, 6 for HOS-SSS, and 10 for iHOT-33 | Decreased version: 65 ± 13; normal version: 64 ± 12; increased version: 63 ± 12 | NR |
| Frank et al18 (2016) | Labral repair (n = 130), labral debridement (n = 20), femoral osteochondroplasty (NR), capsular closure (NR) | Statistically significant decreased scores on PROMs postoperatively |
NR |
Statistically significant increased scores on PROMs postoperatively (HOS-ADL, HOS-SSS, mHHS, satisfaction) | 58.43 ± 10.87 | 31.52 ± 5.38 |
| Gédouin et al20 (2010) | Femoral osteochrondoplasty (NR), labral repair (n = 14), labral debridement (n = 89), acetabular rim trimming (NR) | NR | NR | Improvement on WOMAC postoperatively, improved satisfaction | 64.6 ± 12 | NR |
| Gicquel et al21 (2014) | Microfracture (n = 17), labral debridement (n = 40), labral repair (n = 13), femoral osteochondroplasty (n = 43), acetabular rim trimming (n = 20) | NR | NR | Improvement on WOMAC at short term and midterm, improvement in satisfaction at short term and midterm | Not specifically measured | Not specifically measured |
| Gigi et al22 (2016) | Labral repair (n = 73), acetabuloplasty (n = 89), femoral osteochondroplasty (n = 80), AIIS decompression (n = 3), microfracture (n = 5), iliopsoas release (n = 4) | NR | NR | Improvement on mHHS and HOS-ADL postoperatively | AC group: 75.14 ± 2.12; sports group: 73.03 ± 2.16; NAS group: 77.8 ± 3.13 | AC group: 37.57 ± 1.83; sports group: 36.20 ± 1.42; NAS group: 38.82 ± 2.63 |
| Gupta et al24 (2016) | Acetabuloplasty (n = 416), femoral osteochondroplasty (n = 392), labral repair (n = 352), capsular release (n = 360), ligamentum teres debridement (n = 297), capsular repair (n = 233), labral debridement (n = 213), iliopsoas release (n = 193), chondroplasty (n = 179), synovectomy (n = 103), microfracture (n = 72), trochanteric bursectomy (n = 66), removal of loose bodies (n = 65), gluteus medius repair (n = 19), excision of bone cyst–femur (n = 18), labral resection (n = 17), acetabular notchplasty (n = 16), os acetabulum removal (n = 13), labral reconstruction (n = 9), iliotibial band release (n = 5), excision of bone cyst (n = 3), piriformis release (n = 3), sciatic neurolysis (n = 3), arthroscopic removal of screws (n = 2), pubic symphysis resection (n = 2) | Conversion to THA, revision hip arthroscopic surgery during study period, NAHS <10 | 9.1 (n = 44) for patients who underwent conversion to THA; 7.7 (n = 47) for patients who underwent revision |
No conversion to THA or hip resurfacing procedure during study period, change in NAHS >10 |
59.37 (range, 32-105) | 29.18 (range, 11-49) |
| Haefeli et al25 (2017) | Offset correction (n = 39), acetabular rim trimming (n = 4), offset and rim addressed (n = 9), labral refixation (n = 4), labral excision (n = 16), adhesiolysis (n = 2) | Need for revision surgery | 17 (9 hips) | NR | 59 ± 11 | 31 ± 6 |
| Herrmann et al27 (2016) | Femoral osteochondroplasty (NR), synovial debridement (NR), labral repair (NR), labral resection (NR), acetabular rim trimming (NR) | Conversion to THA | 22.8 (n = 18) | NR | 67 ± 13 | 32 ± 7.5 |
| Horisberger et al28 (2010) | Microfracture (n = 15), labral resection (n = 20), acetabular rim trimming (n = 9) | Death, implantation of THA | 40 (n = 8) THA (planned in 2 cases) | NR | 79.6 (range, 57-110) | All <40 |
| Krych et al31 (2016) | Labral repair (n = 77), labral debridement (n = 19), femoral osteoplasty (n = 16), acetabular osteoplasty (n = 2), combined osteoplasty (n = 73), microfracture (n = 2), iliopsoas lengthening (n = 34) | NR | NR | mHHS >70, significant improvement on HOS | Not specifically measured | Not specifically measured |
| Larson et al35 (2011) | Labral debridement (n = 132), labral repair (n = 95), microfracture (n = 43) | Postoperative mHHS <70, conversion to hip arthroplasty | FAI group: 12 (n = 18); FAI-OA group: 52 (n = 29) | NR | NR | NR |
| Maempel et al39 (2018) | Labral repair (n = 71), labral resection (n = 18), femoral cam removal (n = 78) | NR | NR | Improvement on iHOT-12, EQ-5D index, and EQ-5D VAS postoperatively | NR | NR |
| Malviya et al40 (2012) | Femoral osteochondroplasty (n = 537), femoral osteochondroplasty with acetabular recession (n = 61), labral repair (NR) | NR | NR | Improvement on mHHS translated using Rosser Index Matrix to create quality-of-life score | NR | NR |
| Martínez et al41 (2015) | Microfracture (NR), chondroplasty (NR), labral resection or reinsertion (NR), osteoplasty (NR), acetabuloplasty (NR), psoas tenotomy (NR) | Need for revision arthroscopic surgery or open surgery | 3.91 (n = 7/179) | No need for revision arthroscopic surgery or open surgery | 59.9 ± 6.39 | 36.6 ± 8.02 |
| Menge et al42 (2017) | Labral repair (n = 79), labral debridement (n = 75), bony resection (NR), microfracture (NR) | NR/subsequent hip arthroscopic surgery or arthroplasty | Arthroscopic surgery: 4.5 (n = 7/154); THA: 34 (n = 50/145) | NR | Debridement group: 70 ± 12; repair group: 71 ± 8 | Debridement group: 36 ± 6; repair group: 35 ± 9 |
| Menge et al43 (2017) | Femoroacetabular osteoplasty (n = 47), femoral osteoplasty (n = 7), acetabular osteoplasty (n = 2), labral repair (n = 45), labral debridement (n = 11), labral reconstruction (n = 4), chondroplasty (n = 24), microfracture (n = 22) | NR/unsuccessful return to sport | 13 (n = 8/60) | NR |
NR | NR |
| Mygind-Klavsen et al45 (2018) | Labral repair (n = 1737), cartilage surgery (n = 1470), femoral osteoplasty (n = 1807) | Score <2/3 of maximum on individual subscales or below top 33% on HAGOS | NR | NR |
68 | 32 |
| Nabavi et al46 (2015) | Hip arthroscopic surgery (NR) | <20-point improvement or <80 on mHHS or NAHS at 1 year postoperatively | 23 (n = 64/280) | NR | NR | NR |
| Nwachukwu et al47 (2017) | Labral repair (n = 288), labral debridement (n = 72), cam decompression (n = 325), pincer decompression (n = 107) | Failure to achieve SCB (based on net change for PROMs) | NR | NR | 62.5 ± 11.4 | 34.0 ± 8.9 |
| Öhlin et al49 (2017) | Cam decompression (n = 60), combined cam and pincer decompression (n = 138) | NR | NR | Significant improvement on PROMs postoperatively | NR | NR |
| Palmer et al50 (2012) | Cam decompression (n = 152), combined decompression (n = 49), labral debridement/repair/refixation (NR), chondroplasty (NR), microfracture (n = 31) | Conversion to THA, decreased NAHS | 14 (THA: n = 13; NAHS: n = 15) | NR | Anteroposterior: 72.3; lateral: 58.5 | NR |
| Philippon et al51 (2013) | Labral repair (n = 75), labral debridement (n = 21), pincer decompression (n = 4), cam decompression (n = 16), combined decompression (n = 76), acetabular microfracture (n = 41), femoral microfracture (n = 27) | Subsequent THA | 43 (n = 41/96) | NR | NR | NR |
| Philippon et al53 (2012) | Labral repair (n = 54), labral debridement (n = 11), femoroplasty (n = 15), acetabular rim trimming (n = 15), combined decompression (n = 35), ligamentum teres debridement (n = 36), femoral chondroplasty (n = 2), capsular plication (n = 32) | Revision arthroscopic surgery | 12 (n = 8/65) | NR | 64 (range, 60-69) | 36 (range, 34-38) |
| Philippon et al52 (2009) | Cam decompression (n = 23), pincer decompression (n = 3), combined decompression (n = 86), microfracture (n = 47), labral repair (n = 58), labral debridement (n = 54), ligamentum teres debridement (n = 94) | Conversion to THA, decreased mHHS postoperatively | THA: 9 (n = 10/112) | NR | 72 (range, 70.5-73.5) | NR |
| Saltzman et al56 (2017) | Labral repair (n = 358), acetabular rim trimming (n = 320), femoral osteochondroplasty (n = 377), capsular plication (n = 381), microfracture (n = 5), trochanteric bursectomy (n = 10) | Reoperation, conversion to THA, decreased PROMs | 2 (n = 8/409) | NR | 61.7 ± 10.4 | 33.0 ± 6.4 |
| Sansone et al57 (2017) | Cam decompression (n = 149), combined decompression (n = 201), pincer decompression (n = 9), labral repair (n = 26), microfracture (n = 19), labral debridement (n = 22), ligamentum teres debridement (n = 2) | Reoperation, conversion to THA, dissatisfaction, decreased PROMs | Reoperation: n = 17; THA: n = 14 | NR | NR | NR |
| Schilders et al58 (2011) | Labral repair (n = 69), labral debridement (n = 32), acetabular rim trimming (n = 82), femoroplasty (n = 74), microfracture (n = 11) | Decreased mHHS | NR | NR |
NR | Repair group: 38.1 (range, 36.7-39.4); debridement group: 38.3 (range, 36.6-39.9) |
| Sochacki et al60 (2018) | NR | Failure to achieve MCID | 33.8 (n = 26/77) | NR | NR | NR |
| Stähelin et al62 (2008) | Labral debridement (n = 13), labral repair (n = 2), osteochondroplasty (n = 14), microfracture (n = 7) | <20° reduction of alpha angle | 18 (n = 4/22) | NR | 75.1 ± 12.7 | NR |
| Thomas et al64 (2017) | Labral repair/debridement (NR), osteochondroplasty (NR), microfracture (NR), capsular repair (NR), psoas tenotomy (NR) | Failure to return to active duty | n = 195/469 | NR | NR | NR |
| Tjong et al65 (2017) | NR | Decreased PROMs postoperatively | NR | NR | 69.0 (range, 55-80) | NR |
| Weber et al66 (2017) | Labral repair (n = 63), femoral osteochondroplasty (n = 66), acetabular rim trimming (n = 56), capsular closure (n = 66) | Failure to return to sport | 8 (n = 5/66) | NR | 59.2 ± 9.8 | 34.1 ± 5.7 |
aAC, active claims; AIIS, anterior inferior iliac spine; EQ-5D, EuroQol–5 Dimensions; FAI, femoroacetabular impingement; HAGOS, Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score; HOS-ADL, Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living; HOS-SSS, Hip Outcome Score–Sports-Specific Subscale; iHOT, International Hip Outcome Tool; MCID, minimal clinically important difference; mHHS, modified Harris Hip Score; NAHS, Non-Arthritic Hip Score; NAS, non–sports-related injuries; NR, not reported; NRS, numeric rating scale; OA, osteoarthritis; PASS, patient acceptable symptom state; PROM, patient-reported outcome measure; SCB, substantial clinical benefit; THA, total hip arthroplasty; VAS, visual analog scale; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.