Table 2.
Development of CVD by BP Category
| BP Categories | Person‐Years | Incident Cases | Incidence Density, per 10 000 Person‐Years | Age‐Sex Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Multivariable‐Adjusted HRa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||||
| No history of hypertension | ||||||
| SBP <120 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 651 936.3 | 607 | 9.3 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| SBP 120–129 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 58 157.1 | 108 | 18.6 | 1.47 (1.20–1.81) | 1.40 (1.14–1.72) | 1.37 (1.11–1.68) |
| SBP 130–139 mm Hg or DBP 80–89 mm Hg | 133 422.8 | 298 | 22.3 | 1.61 (1.40–1.85) | 1.52 (1.31–1.75) | 1.45 (1.26–1.68) |
| SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg | 33 205.7 | 132 | 39.8 | 2.42 (2.00–2.93) | 2.21 (1.82–2.69) | 2.12 (1.74–2.58) |
| History of hypertension | ||||||
| With antihypertensive medication | ||||||
| SBP <130 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 19 210.0 | 100 | 52.1 | 1.75 (1.40–2.18) | 1.36 (1.08–1.72) | 1.41 (1.12–1.78) |
| SBP 130–139 mm Hg and DBP 80–89 mm Hg | 10 429.4 | 71 | 68.1 | 2.42 (1.88–3.12) | 1.93 (1.48–2.51) | 1.97 (1.52–2.56) |
| SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg | 3336.2 | 29 | 86.9 | 2.82 (1.93–4.12) | 2.27 (1.54–3.34) | 2.29 (1.55–3.37) |
| Without antihypertensive medication | 14 723.2 | 90 | 61.1 | 2.34 (1.86–2.94) | 1.87 (1.47–2.37) | 1.93 (1.53–2.45) |
| Ischemic heart disease | ||||||
| No history of hypertension | ||||||
| SBP <120 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 652 351.4 | 387 | 5.9 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| SBP 120–129 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 58 235.4 | 69 | 11.8 | 1.38 (1.07–1.79) | 1.28 (0.99–1.66) | 1.26 (0.97–1.63) |
| SBP 130–139 mm Hg or DBP 80–89 mm Hg | 133 621.9 | 198 | 14.8 | 1.54 (1.29–1.83) | 1.40 (1.17–1.68) | 1.36 (1.14–1.62) |
| SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg | 33 306.9 | 77 | 23.1 | 2.01 (1.57–2.58) | 1.79 (1.39–2.30) | 1.74 (1.35–2.24) |
| History of hypertension | ||||||
| With antihypertensive medication | ||||||
| SBP <130 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 19 265.6 | 72 | 37.4 | 1.88 (1.44–2.45) | 1.38 (1.04–1.82) | 1.44 (1.09–1.91) |
| SBP 130–139 mm Hg and DBP 80–89 mm Hg | 10 459.2 | 53 | 50.7 | 2.61 (1.94–3.51) | 1.93 (1.42–2.63) | 2.00 (1.47–2.72) |
| SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg | 3365.8 | 17 | 50.5 | 2.32 (1.42–3.81) | 1.75 (1.06–2.89) | 1.78 (1.08–2.95) |
| Without antihypertensive medication | 14 761.7 | 68 | 46.1 | 2.57 (1.96–3.36) | 1.92 (1.46–2.54) | 2.02 (1.53–2.66) |
| Stroke or TIA | ||||||
| No history of hypertension | ||||||
| SBP <120 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 652 649.2 | 223 | 3.4 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| SBP 120–129 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 58 295.7 | 39 | 6.7 | 1.65 (1.17–2.32) | 1.64 (1.16–2.33) | 1.60 (1.13–2.27) |
| SBP 130–139 mm Hg or DBP 80–89 mm Hg | 133 816.3 | 102 | 7.6 | 1.78 (1.39–2.26) | 1.78 (1.39–2.28) | 1.69 (1.31–2.17) |
| SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg | 33 338.8 | 56 | 16.8 | 3.34 (2.47–4.52) | 3.20 (2.35–4.36) | 3.02 (2.21–4.13) |
| History of hypertension | ||||||
| With antihypertensive medication | ||||||
| SBP <130 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 19 342.3 | 31 | 16.0 | 1.60 (1.08–2.38) | 1.42 (0.94–2.15) | 1.45 (0.96–2.20) |
| SBP 130–139 mm Hg and DBP 80–89 mm Hg | 10 524.9 | 19 | 18.1 | 2.03 (1.25–3.29) | 1.89 (1.15–3.10) | 1.88 (1.15–3.09) |
| SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg | 3385.7 | 12 | 35.4 | 3.71 (2.04–6.75) | 3.43 (1.86–6.30) | 3.39 (1.84–6.23) |
| Without antihypertensive medication | 14 866.9 | 22 | 14.8 | 1.78 (1.13–2.79) | 1.62 (1.02–2.57) | 1.64 (1.03–2.60) |
BP indicates blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic BP; HR, hazard ratio; SBP, systolic BP; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
a
Estimated from Cox proportional hazard model. Multivariable model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, center, year of screening examination, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, educational level, total calorie intake, history of diabetes mellitus, statin medication, Charlson comorbidity index, and sodium intake; model 2, model 1 plus adjustment for low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose.