Table 3.
Association Between BP Category and the Development of CVD by Different Age Strata
| BP Categories | Person‐Years | Incident Cases | Incidence Density, per 104 Person‐Years | Age‐Sex Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Multivariable‐Adjusted HRa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
| Aged <40 y | ||||||
| No history of hypertension | ||||||
| SBP <120 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 414 594.3 | 159 | 3.8 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| SBP 120–129 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 34 293.1 | 32 | 9.3 | 1.79 (1.21–2.65) | 1.71 (1.15–2.55) | 1.70 (1.14–2.53) |
| SBP 130–139 mm Hg or DBP 80–89 mm Hg | 64 792.9 | 56 | 8.6 | 1.52 (1.11–2.09) | 1.47 (1.06–2.04) | 1.43 (1.03–1.99) |
| SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg | 12 748.4 | 29 | 22.7 | 3.77 (2.51–5.67) | 3.21 (2.11–4.90) | 3.15 (2.06–4.82) |
| History of hypertension | ||||||
| With antihypertensive medication | ||||||
| SBP <130 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 3023.2 | 4 | 13.2 | 2.35 (0.87–6.37) | 1.34 (0.47–3.81) | 1.39 (0.49–3.94) |
| SBP 130–139 mm Hg and DBP 80–89 mm Hg | 1415.9 | 2 | 14.1 | 2.04 (0.50–8.27) | 1.33 (0.32–5.55) | 1.37 (0.33–5.72) |
| SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg | 496.4 | 0 | <0.001 | … | … | … |
| Without antihypertensive medication | 2385.0 | 10 | 41.9 | 6.48 (3.39–12.39) | 3.93 (1.97–7.85) | 4.03 (2.03–8.01) |
| 40 y ≤ Age < 50 y | ||||||
| No history of hypertension | ||||||
| SBP <120 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 185 467.7 | 250 | 13.5 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| SBP 120–129 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 17 345.8 | 42 | 24.2 | 1.52 (1.09–2.11) | 1.56 (1.12–2.17) | 1.53 (1.09–2.13) |
| SBP 130–139 mm Hg or DBP 80–89 mm Hg | 51 596.8 | 154 | 29.8 | 1.78 (1.45–2.19) | 1.75 (1.41–2.16) | 1.71 (1.38–2.12) |
| SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg | 14 663.8 | 61 | 41.6 | 2.40 (1.80–3.18) | 2.30 (1.72–3.08) | 2.27 (1.70–3.05) |
| History of hypertension | ||||||
| With antihypertensive medication | ||||||
| SBP <130 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 6501.8 | 20 | 30.8 | 1.71 (1.08–2.70) | 1.26 (0.78–2.04) | 1.33 (0.82–2.15) |
| SBP 130–139 mm Hg and DBP 80–89 mm Hg | 4383.0 | 20 | 45.6 | 2.32 (1.47–3.68) | 1.87 (1.16–3.02) | 1.99 (1.23–3.20) |
| SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg | 1418.3 | 6 | 42.3 | 2.22 (0.99–5.00) | 1.82 (0.80–4.13) | 1.91 (0.84–4.35) |
| Without antihypertensive medication | 6149.3 | 29 | 47.2 | 2.55 (1.73–3.76) | 1.98 (1.32–2.97) | 2.12 (1.42–3.19) |
| Aged ≥50 y | ||||||
| No history of hypertension | ||||||
| SBP <120 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 51 874.4 | 198 | 38.2 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
| SBP 120–129 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 6518.2 | 34 | 52.2 | 1.18 (0.82–1.70) | 1.16 (0.81–1.68) | 1.15 (0.79–1.66) |
| SBP 130–139 mm Hg or DBP 80–89 | 17 033.1 | 88 | 51.7 | 1.23 (0.95–1.58) | 1.18 (0.91–1.53) | 1.15 (0.89–1.49) |
| SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg | 5793.4 | 42 | 72.5 | 1.66 (1.19–2.33) | 1.60 (1.14–2.24) | 1.54 (1.10–2.17) |
| History of hypertension | ||||||
| With antihypertensive medication | ||||||
| SBP <130 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg | 9685.1 | 76 | 78.5 | 1.61 (1.22–2.11) | 1.38 (1.04–1.84) | 1.40 (1.05–1.86) |
| SBP 130–139 mm Hg and DBP 80–89 mm Hg | 4630.5 | 49 | 105.8 | 2.21 (1.61–3.03) | 1.90 (1.37–2.64) | 1.90 (1.37–2.65) |
| SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg | 1421.5 | 23 | 161.8 | 3.06 (1.98–4.75) | 2.59 (1.65–4.06) | 2.53 (1.61–3.97) |
| Without antihypertensive medication | 6188.9 | 51 | 82.4 | 1.76 (1.29–2.40) | 1.52 (1.11–2.10) | 1.54 (1.12–2.12) |
P=0.006 for the overall interaction between age and BP categories for development of CVD all event (adjusted model). Incidence density (per 10 000 person‐years): 5.5 for subjects with age <40 years, 20.2 for subjects with 40 years ≤ age <50 years, and 54.4 for subjects with age ≥50 years. BP indicates blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic BP; HR, hazard ratio; SBP, systolic BP.
Estimated from Cox proportional hazard model. Multivariable model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, center, year of screening examination, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, educational level, total calorie intake, history of diabetes mellitus, statin medication, Charlson comorbidity index, and sodium intake; model 2, model 1 plus adjustment for low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose.