Table 3.
Echocardiographic Parameters According to Sex
| Variables, Mean (SD), mm | All Participants (N=1020) | Men (n=608) | Women (n=412) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left atrial diameter | 29.7 (20.3) | 30.3 (23.5) | 28.9 (14.2) | 0.295 |
| Aortic root diameter | 30.6 (11.6) | 31.9 (14.5) | 28.5 (4.4) | 0.000a |
| Aortic valvular opening | 19.2 (7.3) | 20.1 (8.8) | 17.8 (3.6) | 0.000a |
| LVID | 44.0 (9.9) | 45.8 (10.1) | 41.4 (8.9) | 0.000a |
| LVIDs | 32.2 (29.1) | 33.9 (33.2) | 29.7 (21.2) | 0.038a |
| IVSTD | 14.6 (8.1) | 14.9 (7.8) | 14.2 (8.6) | 0.198 |
| IVSTS | 17.3 (5.5) | 17.8 (6.0) | 16.5 (4.6) | 0.000a |
| LVPWTD | 14.5 (7.4) | 14.6 (7.4) | 14.3 (7.5) | 0.668 |
| LVPWTS | 19.5 (11.5) | 19.3 (10.2) | 19.9 (13.3) | 0.427 |
| EF, % | 62.2 (30.8) | 61.2 (31.6) | 63.6 (29.6) | 0.234 |
| FS, % | 35.2 (24.0) | 33.5 (16.3) | 37.8 (32.2) | 0.007a |
| LVM, g | 240.0 (108.3) | 261.2 (113.7) | 207.7 (90.5) | 0.000a |
| LVM/height2.7 | 61.6 (27.0) | 64.5 (26.8) | 57.1 (26.8) | 0.000a |
| LVH, % | 62.1 | 66.3 | 55.5 | 0.006a |
| LV wall motion abnormality, No. (%) | 137 (15.4) | 88 (16.5) | 49 (13.8) | 0.292 |
| Pericardial effusion, No. (%) | 83 (9.5) | 55 (10.4) | 28 (8.1) | 0.252 |
| Mitral valve disease, No. (%) | 128 (12.6) | 84 (13.8) | 44 (10.7) | 0.143 |
| Aortic valve disease, No. (%) | 97 (9.5) | 64 (10.5) | 33 (8.1) | 0.184 |
| Spontaneous echo contrast, No. (%) | 58 (6.3) | 43 (7.8) | 15 (4.1) | 0.022a |
| Intracardiac clots, No. (%) | 11 (1.2) | 4 (0.7) | 7 (1.9) | 0.128 |
| LV geometry, % | ||||
| Normal | 9.4 | 8.9 | 10.3 | 0.053a |
| Concentric remodeling | 25.3 | 22.1 | 30.2 | |
| Concentric hypertrophy | 9.1 | 10.6 | 6.9 | |
| Eccentric hypertrophy | 56.1 | 58.4 | 52.7 | |
| LV systolic dysfunction, % | ||||
| None | 68.3 | 67.6 | 69.4. | 0.362 |
| Mild | 20.7 | 19.9 | 22 | |
| Moderate | 6.3 | 7.0 | 5.3 | |
| Severe | 4.7 | 5.5 | 3.4 | |
| Left atrial enlargement, % | ||||
| None | 81.5 | 83.4 | 78.6 | 0.006 |
| Mild | 12.6 | 12.2 | 13.1 | |
| Moderate | 3.9 | 3.5 | 4.3 | |
| Severe | 2.1 | 0.9 | 4 | |
EF indicates ejection fraction; FS, fractional shortening; IVSTD, interventricular septal thickness at end diastole; IVSTS, interventricular septal thickness at end systole; LV, left ventricular; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LVID, left internal dimension at diastole; LVIDs, left internal dimension at systole; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVPWTD, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at diastole; LVPWTS, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at systole.
a
P<0.05.