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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Jan 29;105(4):767–781. doi: 10.1002/JLB.4A0718-283RR

Figure 2. Significant differences in the gut microbiota of Il10−/−/Rhbdf2−/− mice.

Figure 2

Quantitative representation of the various mucosa-associated bacterial populations in 6-week-old mice (A, upper panel) and 16-week-old WT, Rhbdf2−/−, Il10−/− and Il10−/−/Rhbdf2−/− mice. (A, lower panel) Normalized heat map analysis of data obtained from three independent cohorts with n = 4 mice per group comparing the relative abundance of various microbial families in fecal DNA by using 16S rRNA gene-targeted group specific primers for real-time qPCR. Dark red indicates the higher bacterial gene expression in the fecal DNA. Relative abundance of three most prevalent bacterial families (B) Enterobacteriaceae, (C) E. coli, and (D) B. acidifaciens in Il10−/−/Rhbdf2−/− mice compared to that of WT, Rhbdf2−/−, Il10−/− mice (three independent collections with n = 4 mice per group). The bars represent means ± s.e.m. of the relative difference which is the fold amplification of sequences for the target population relative to amplification of universal bacterial domain sequences. n.s., not significant. Pairwise multiple comparison procedures for (B-D) were calculated using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test. * indicates a significant increase in 16S rRNA levels relative to Il10−/− mice. P<0.05