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Tumor-associated macrophage activation phenotypes. Tumor-associated macrophages are activated in to (M1 phenotype) or (M2 phenotype). M1 tumor-associated macrophages produce cytokines and chemokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1B and interleukin-12. Whereas, M2 tumor-associated macrophages express CD206 and CD163 and produce factors such as transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-10, and CCL18
