PCoA based on weighted UniFrac distances. (A) PCoA plots of all ages and treatments. (B to D) PCoA plots by age. Depleted, samples that underwent depletion of dead DNA; nondepleted controls, samples that were extracted together but did not receive the propidium monoazide treatment; endospore enriched, samples that underwent endospore enrichment; nonenriched controls, samples that were extracted in parallel but did not undergo treatment. Samples differed significantly by age (PERMANOVA; R2 = 0.83, F = 135.64, P < 0.001) (A) and treatment for the youngest (PERMANOVA; R2 = 0.51, F = 5.65, P < 0.001) (B), the intermediate (PERMANOVA; R2 = 0.42, F = 3.87, P < 0.01) (C), and the oldest (PERMANOVA; R2 = 0.37, F = 3.14, P < 0.01) (D) samples.