Fig. 3. Effect of exogenous metabolites on the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to Ga(iii) treatment. (A) Heat map for relative abundance of differentially regulated metabolites in P. aeruginosa upon Ga(iii) and Fe(iii) treatment. The experimental groups correspond to untreated control (Ctrl), 10 μM Fe(iii) (10Fe), 10 μM Fe(iii) and 40 μM Ga(iii) (40Ga), 10 μM Fe(iii) and 80 μM Ga(iii) (80Ga), 10 μM Fe(iii) and 120 μM Ga(iii) (120Ga) treatment conditions. (B) Growth curves of P. aeruginosa in the presence of Ga(iii) and Ga-regulated amino acids. Data show one representative result of three independent experiments. (C) Growth of P. aeruginosa in the presence of Ga(iii) and various central carbon metabolites. (D) Metabolite-mediated accumulation of gallium in P. aeruginosa. Supplemented central carbon metabolites are as follows (sodium salts): fumarate (FMR), succinate (SUC), α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), citrate (CIT), malate (MAL), glyoxylate (GLX), pyruvate (PRV), acetate (ACE), gluconate (GLN), glucose (GLC), mannitol (MAN), fructose (FRC), arabinose (ARA), and ribose (RIB). Data are presented as mean ± SEM from biological replicates. The asterisks indicate significant difference from the Ga(iii) treatment group (*, 0.01 < p < 0.05 and **, 0.001 < p < 0.01).