Table 5.

Nanoscale reference materials (RMs) and certified reference materials (CRMs)

Nanomaterial type	Form	Main investigated properties (status)	Nominal value	Organization	Reference number	Additional information
Gold nanoparticles	Aqueous suspension	Particle size (RM)	3 sizes: 10, 30, and 60 nm	NIST	RM 8011, RM 8012, RM 8013	Chemical and electrochemical properties
Polyvinylpyrrolidone coated silver nanoparticles	Lyophilized	Particle size (RM)	75 nm	NIST	RM 8017	Morphology, elemental impurities, zeta potential
Nanosilver	Aqueous solution	Particle size distribution (d 10, d 50, d 90) (CRM)	13 nma	BAM	BAM‐N001
Nano‐crystalline zinc oxide	Powder	Crystallite size (column lengths and lattice parameters) (CRM)	2 sizes: 15 and 60 nm	NIST	SRM 1979	Particle size distribution
Colloidal silica	Aqueous suspension	Particle size (CRM)	20 nm	JRC	ERM‐FD100	Zeta potential, pH
Colloidal silica	Aqueous suspension	Particle size (CRM)	85 nm	JRC	ERM‐FD101b	Zeta potential, pH, electrolytic conductivity
Colloidal silica	Aqueous suspension	Particle size (CRM)	Bimodal: 20 and 85 nm	JRC	ERM‐FD102	Zeta potential, pH, electrolytic conductivity
Colloidal silica	Aqueous suspension	Particle size (CRM)	40 nm	JRC	ERM‐FD304	Zeta potential, pH
Silicon dioxide		Particle size (RM)	4 sizes: 951, 458, 296, 143 nm	AQSIQ	GBW 12013, 12014, 12015, 12016
Silicon nanoparticles	Toluene suspension	Particle size, Si mass fraction (RM)	2 nm	NIST	RM 8027	Size distribution
Polystyrene spheres	Aqueous suspension	Particle size (CRM)	100 nm	NIST	SRM 1963a	Size distribution
Polystyrene spheres	Aqueous suspension	Particle size (CRM)	60 nm	NIST	SRM 1964	Size distribution
Polystyrene particle	Aqueous suspension	Particle size (RM)	3 sizes: 948, 352, 61 nm	AQSIQ	GBW 12009, 12010, 12011
Titanium dioxide nanomaterial	Dry powder	Specific surface area (CRM)	55 m2/g (multipoint BET) or 53 m2/g (single point BET)	NIST	SRM 1898	Dispersion protocol, pH, particle diameter
Titanium dioxide	Dry powder	Specific surface area (CRM)	8 m2/g (nitrogen BET)	JRC	BCR‐173
Cellulose nanocrystals	Powder	Impurity mass fractions (CRM), specific surface area, particle size, zeta potential (RM)	1.29 m2/g (nitrogen BET), 95 nm (DLS)	NRC	CNC‐1	Oxidation temperature
Cellulose nanocrystals	Powder	Mass fraction of elemental sulfur (CRM), particle sizes, crystalline fraction (RM)	8.7 g/kg S, 70 nm (DLS), 3.4 nm (height by AFM), 88% crystalline (XRD)	NRC	CNCD‐1	Fiber length, zeta potential
Cellulose nanocrystals	Aqueous suspension	Impurity mass fractions (CRM), mass fraction of sulfur, particle size, zeta potential (RM)	0.5 g/kg S, 80 nm (DLS), 100 nm (length by AFM, TEM), 5 nm (height by AFM, TEM)	NRC	CNCS‐1
Single‐wall carbon nanotubes	Dry soot	Impurity mass fractions (CRM and RM), specific surface area (RM)	329 m2/g (nitrogen BET)	NRC	SWCNT‐1	Morphology, optical absorption, photoluminescence
Single‐wall carbon nanotubes	Raw soot	Mass fractions (CRM and RM), oxidation temperature (RM)		NIST	SRM 2483
Multiwall carbon nanotubes	Raw soot	Mass fractions of cobalt (CRM) and iron (RM), oxidation temperature (RM)	Co: 0.1821% ± 0.0071	NIST	SRM 2484	Morphology (tube length, tube diameter)
Single‐wall carbon nanotubes	Surfactant solution	3‐Length populations (RM)	Long, medium, and short	NIST	RM 8281	Fluorescence spectra, micrographs
Nanoalumina	Powder	Specific surface area (CRM)	445.4, 359.4, 515.3 m2/g	NCNST	GBW 13901, 13906, 13907

Note. AQSIQ, General Administration of Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine (China); BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (Germany); JRC, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission; NCNST, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (China); NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA); NRC, National Research Council (Canada).

^aNumber of weighted distribution.