Table 3.
Prevalence of clinical manifestations and comorbidities by SLE disease severity (at index and during the study)a
| Clinical manifestation, n (%) | Total (N = 295) | Mild (n = 28) | Moderate (n = 134) | Severe (n = 133) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infection | 277 (93.9) | 24 (85.7) | 126 (94.0) | 127 (95.5) | 0.150 |
| Respiratory infection | 254 (86.1) | 24 (85.7) | 115 (85.8) | 115 (86.5) | 1.000 |
| Herpes infection | 57 (19.3) | 3 (10.7) | 23 (17.2) | 31 (23.3) | 0.262 |
| Inflammation | 278 (94.2) | 24 (85.7) | 126 (94.0) | 128 (96.2) | 0.088 |
| Malignancy: solid organ and hematological | 30 (10.2) | 2 (7.1) | 13 (9.7) | 15 (11.3) | 0.847 |
| Solid organ malignancy | 19 (6.4) | 2 (7.1) | 6 (4.5) | 11 (8.3) | 0.441 |
| Hematological malignancy | 12 (4.1) | 0 | 7 (5.2) | 5 (3.8) | 0.629 |
| Blood disease | 205 (69.5) | 17 (60.7) | 89 (66.4) | 99 (74.4) | 0.198 |
| Anemia | 153 (51.9) | 8 (28.6) | 65 (48.5) | 80 (60.2) | 0.005 |
| Purpura, bleed and coagulation dysfunction | 115 (39.0) | 9 (32.1) | 44 (32.8) | 62 (46.6) | 0.057 |
| Other immune and blood dysfunction/deficiency | 64 (21.7) | 3 (10.7) | 27 (20.1) | 34 (25.6) | 0.199 |
| Endocrine disorder | 245 (83.1) | 18 (64.3) | 110 (82.1) | 117 (88.0) | 0.012 |
| Thyroid dysfunction | 84 (28.5) | 6 (21.4) | 33 (24.6) | 45 (33.8) | 0.180 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 116 (39.3) | 7 (25.0) | 52 (38.8) | 57 (42.9) | 0.213 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 156 (52.9) | 8 (28.6) | 66 (49.3) | 82 (61.7) | 0.003 |
| Hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases | 218 (73.9) | 17 (60.7) | 88 (65.7) | 113 (85.0) | <0.001 |
| Nervous and psychological symptoms | 124 (42.0) | 9 (32.1) | 44 (32.8) | 71 (53.4) | 0.002 |
| Systemic manifestation: headache, pain, fatigue, and anorexia | 106 (35.9) | 8 (28.6) | 44 (32.8) | 54 (40.6) | 0.305 |
| Headache | 70 (23.7) | 5 (17.9) | 33 (24.6) | 32 (24.1) | 0.827 |
| Fever | 24 (8.1) | 1 (3.6) | 5 (3.7) | 18 (13.5) | 0.011 |
| Other pain | 23 (7.8) | 1 (3.6) | 7 (5.2) | 15 (11.3) | 0.148 |
| Fatigue | 3 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.5) | 0.720 |
| Food concern | 13 (4.4) | 1 (3.6) | 5 (3.7) | 7 (5.3) | 0.837 |
| Pulmonary heart disease | 10 (3.4) | 1 (3.6) | 4 (3.0) | 5 (3.8) | 0.901 |
| Cutaneous symptoms: dermatitis, eczema, cornification, xeroderma, and cutaneous ulcer | 219 (74.2) | 19 (67.9) | 98 (73.1) | 102 (76.7) | 0.547 |
| Other connective tissue disease | 81 (27.5) | 5 (17.9) | 37 (27.6) | 39 (29.3) | 0.491 |
| Other renal and urological dysfunctions | 98 (33.2) | 6 (21.4) | 37 (27.6) | 55 (41.4) | 0.025 |
| Steroidal and bone symptoms | 234 (79.3) | 11 (39.3) | 107 (79.9) | 116 (87.2) | <0.001 |
| Female genital disease | 106 (35.9) | 9 (32.1) | 46 (34.3) | 51 (38.3) | 0.766 |
SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.
a
Patients have been defined based on diagnostic code only.