Table 3.
Percent of women fulfilling the predefined risk criteria by gestational weight gain (GWG)
| Risk factors | All (n = 1,326) | Optimal GWGa (n = 517; 39%) | Suboptimal GWGb (n = 333; 25%) | P d | Excessive GWGc (n = 476; 36%) | P e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not eating a varied diet | 20% | 18% | 22% | 0.16 | 21% | 0.20 |
| Vegetables and fruits <5 times per day | 87% | 87% | 85% | 0.26 | 89% | 0.55 |
| Dairy intake <2 times per day | 77% | 78% | 75% | 0.42 | 78% | 0.82 |
| Wholegrain products <2 times per day | 92% | 90% | 91% | 0.64 | 93% | 0.15 |
| Sugar and artificially sweetened beverages ≥5 times per week | 28% | 24% | 29% | 0.07 | 31% | 0.02 |
| Dairy intake ≥5 times per day | 1% | 1% | 2% | 0.09 | 2% | 0.06 |
Optimal GWG was determined in accordance with the Icelandic recommendations, that is, for underweight and normal‐weight women 12–18 kg total GWG and overweight and obese women 7–12 kg total GWG.
Suboptimal GWG was determined in accordance with the Icelandic recommendations; that is, underweight and normal‐weight women <12 kg total GWG and overweight and obese women <7 kg total GWG.
Excessive GWG was determined in accordance with the Icelandic recommendations; that is, underweight and normal‐weight women >18 kg total GWG and overweight and obese women >12 kg total GWG.
Chi‐square test of differences among groups (optimal vs. suboptimal GWG groups).
Chi‐square test of differences among groups (optimal vs. excessive GWG groups).