Table 2.
Independent predictors of meeting complementary feeding practice [OR(95%CI)] using multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis
| Intro | MMF | MDD | MAD | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | P value | Estimate | P value | Estimate | P value | Estimate | P value | |||||
| OR | (95%CI) | OR | (95%CI) | OR | (95%CI) | OR | (95%CI) | |||||
| N | 1,402 | 7,693 | 4,543 | 4,498 | ||||||||
| Year | ||||||||||||
| 2004 | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||||||||
| 2007 | 1.06 | (0.72, 1.58) | .76 | 1.96 | (1.60, 2.39) | *** | ||||||
| 2011 | 0.68 | (0.47, 1.00) | * | 0.75 | (0.63, 0.89) | ** | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||
| 2014 | 0.75 | (0.51, 1.11) | .15 | 0.74 | (0.62, 0.89) | ** | 1.12 | (0.96, 1.31) | 0.16 | 1.19 | (1.01, 1.39) | * |
| Child characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Age (months) | ||||||||||||
| 6–11 | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||||||
| 12–17 | 2.11 | (1.86, 2.39) | *** | 2.89 | (2.38, 3.50) | *** | 2.82 | (2.30, 3.45) | *** | |||
| 18–23 | 3.42 | (2.96, 3.95) | *** | 4.63 | (3.81, 5.64) | *** | 3.90 | (3.17, 4.79) | *** | |||
| Birth order | ||||||||||||
| Firstborn | 0.85 | (0.63, 1.15) | .29 | 1.13 | (0.97, 1.31) | .12 | 1.33 | (1.14, 1.56) | *** | 1.36 | (1.15, 1.61) | *** |
| Second to fourth | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||||
| Fifth and more | 0.91 | (0.57, 1.44) | .69 | 0.92 | (0.74, 1.14) | .45 | 1.05 | (0.75, 1.47) | .77 | 1.17 | (0.82, 1.66) | .38 |
| Birth interval (month) | ||||||||||||
| No previous birth | ||||||||||||
| <24 | 1.25 | (1.02, 1.54) | * | 1.28 | (0.95, 1.72) | .10 | 1.50 | (1.10, 2.03) | ** | |||
| ≥24 | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||||||
| Age‐appropriate vaccination | ||||||||||||
| None | 0.98 | (0.52, 1.85) | .95 | 0.93 | (0.67, 1.30) | .69 | 0.91 | (0.51, 1.62) | .76 | 0.76 | (0.40, 1.45) | .41 |
| Some | 0.78 | (0.58, 1.06) | .11 | 0.90 | (0.78, 1.03) | .14 | 0.89 | (0.72, 1.11) | .31 | 0.87 | (0.69, 1.10) | .26 |
| Complete | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||||
| Maternal characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||
| 15–24 | 1.02 | (0.87, 1.20) | .82 | |||||||||
| 25–34 | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||||||||||
| 35–49 | 1.16 | (0.96, 1.40) | .13 | |||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||||
| <18.5 | 1.23 | (0.93, 1.63) | .14 | 1.12 | (0.99, 1.26) | .07 | 0.94 | (0.79, 1.11) | .46 | 0.99 | (0.82, 1.18) | .88 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||||
| ≥25 | 0.66 | (0.41, 1.08) | .10 | 0.95 | (0.77, 1.17) | .63 | 1.15 | (0.92, 1.44) | .23 | 1.15 | (0.91, 1.45) | .23 |
| Reproductive health care | ||||||||||||
| Type of delivery assistance | ||||||||||||
| Health professional | 1.27 | (0.90, 1.79) | .17 | 0.94 | (0.81, 1.10) | .45 | 0.83 | (0.69, 1.00) | .05 | 0.83 | (0.69, 1.01) | .07 |
| Traditional birth attendant | 1.25 | (0.79, 2.00) | .34 | 1.00 | (0.82, 1.23) | .98 | 0.83 | (0.64, 1.08) | .18 | 0.88 | (0.67, 1.16) | .38 |
| Other | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||||
| Antenatal clinic visits | ||||||||||||
| None | 0.71 | (0.52, 0.98) | * | 0.81 | (0.70, 0.93) | ** | 0.97 | (0.78, 1.19) | .75 | 0.98 | (0.79, 1.23) | .88 |
| 1–3 | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||||
| ≥4 | 1.05 | (0.75, 1.47) | .79 | 1.05 | (0.90, 1.21) | .54 | 1.22 | (1.02, 1.45) | * | 1.16 | (0.97, 1.39) | .10 |
| Education | ||||||||||||
| No education | 0.68 | (0.46, 1.03) | .07 | 0.71 | (0.59, 0.86) | *** | 0.54 | (0.40, 0.73) | *** | 0.57 | (0.41, 0.78) | ** |
| Primary | 0.89 | (0.64, 1.24) | .49 | 0.74 | (0.64, 0.85) | *** | 0.71 | (0.58, 0.86) | ** | 0.79 | (0.65, 0.97) | * |
| Secondary or higher | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||||
| Paternal characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||
| <31 | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||||||||
| ≥31 | 0.98 | (0.74, 1.32) | .92 | 1.17 | (1.02, 1.33) | * | ||||||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| No education | 0.86 | (0.59, 1.24) | .41 | 0.92 | (0.78, 1.09) | .32 | 0.76 | (0.59, 0.96) | * | 0.74 | (0.57, 0.95) | * |
| Primary | 1.29 | (0.92, 1.80) | .14 | 1.03 | (0.89, 1.19) | .70 | 0.87 | (0.73, 1.05) | .16 | 0.87 | (0.71, 1.05) | .15 |
| Secondary or higher | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||||
| Household characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Household wealth | ||||||||||||
| Richest | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||||
| Richer | 0.87 | (0.57, 1.34) | .54 | 0.95 | (0.79, 1.15) | .60 | 0.92 | (0.74, 1.15) | .47 | 0.95 | (0.75, 1.20) | .66 |
| Middle | 1.16 | (0.74, 1.82) | .52 | 0.95 | (0.78, 1.17) | .65 | 0.67 | (0.52, 0.86) | ** | 0.72 | (0.56, 0.94) | * |
| Poorer | 0.84 | (0.53, 1.36) | .48 | 0.83 | (0.67, 1.03) | .09 | 0.57 | (0.43, 0.76) | *** | 0.58 | (0.43, 0.78) | *** |
| Poorest | 0.95 | (0.57, 1.57) | .84 | 0.91 | (0.73, 1.14) | .43 | 0.52 | (0.38, 0.71) | *** | 0.55 | (0.40, 0.76) | *** |
| Community characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Geographical region | ||||||||||||
| Barisal | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||||
| Chittagong | 0.65 | (0.42, 1.02) | .06 | 0.69 | (0.56, 0.86) | ** | 0.81 | (0.61, 1.08) | .16 | 0.81 | (0.60, 1.10) | .18 |
| Dhaka | 1.28 | (0.80, 2.05) | .31 | 1.10 | (0.88, 1.38) | .41 | 0.95 | (0.71, 1.28) | .75 | 1.14 | (0.84, 1.54) | .39 |
| Khulna | 1.55 | (0.87, 2.73) | .13 | 1.94 | (1.49, 2.53) | *** | 1.21 | (0.89, 1.66) | .23 | 1.49 | (1.08, 2.06) | * |
| Rajshahi | 2.04 | (1.25, 3.33) | ** | 1.43 | (1.15, 1.79) | ** | 1.24 | (0.95, 1.63) | .12 | 1.38 | (1.04, 1.83) | * |
| Sylhet | 0.90 | (0.55, 1.48) | .69 | 0.76 | (0.60, 0.96) | * | 0.72 | (0.52, 0.99) | * | 0.68 | (0.48, 0.95) | * |
| Rank of access to health care | ||||||||||||
| Highest (best access) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | 1.00 | (Referent) | ||||
| Higher | 0.80 | (0.50, 1.29) | .36 | 0.97 | (0.78, 1.20) | .76 | 0.88 | (0.69, 1.13) | .33 | 0.91 | (0.71, 1.18) | .48 |
| Medium | 0.71 | (0.44, 1.15) | .17 | 0.96 | (0.78, 1.19) | .73 | 0.88 | (0.68, 1.13) | .32 | 0.88 | (0.68, 1.14) | .35 |
| Lower | 0.72 | (0.44, 1.17) | .18 | 0.97 | (0.78, 1.20) | .76 | 0.91 | (0.70, 1.20) | .52 | 0.96 | (0.73, 1.26) | .76 |
| Lowest (worse access) | 0.56 | (0.33, 0.94) | * | 0.89 | (0.70, 1.12) | .32 | 1.14 | (0.85, 1.54) | .37 | 1.14 | (0.84, 1.55) | .40 |
Note. Intro = introduction of solid, semi‐solid, and soft foods; MMF = minimum meal frequency; MDD = minimum dietary diversity; MAD = minimum acceptable diet; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01;
***
p < .001.