Fig. 4.

Effects of a seed treatment with pesticides on the development of Phytophthora root and stem rot. ‘Nattosyoryu’ seeds treated with one of three pesticides containing fungicidal ingredients were sown, and plants grown for specific periods (14–40 days) were inoculated with Phytophthora sojae isolate 13-B-RO-1. The graph represents a plot of the mean rates of dead plants ± standard errors (%) for plants derived from pesticide-treated seeds (white square: amisulbrom; black circle: thiamethoxam, fludioxonil, and metalaxyl-M; grey triangle: cyazofamid) and non-treated controls (white circle). The mean values were significantly different between pesticide-treated samples and non-treated controls following inoculations at 14, 16, 20, 24, and 28 days after seeding according to Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test (p < 0.001).