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. 2019 Jun 20;14(6):e0218153. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218153

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© 2019 Contaifer Jr et al

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig 5 — The metabolic changes affecting heart failure patients based in heart failure test performance includes glutathione anti-oxidative pathway, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis, pentose cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), fatty acid (FA) metabolism, sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. Arrow represents predicted elevation or decrease variables in poor test performance. Only predictors with coefficients higher than 0.3 were used. Some metabolites not detected in the analysis were included in the figure to complement the metabolic pathways. Direction of pathways are proposed based in the metabolic modulation found in the study. TCA = tricarboxylic acid; PC = phosphatidylcholine; DAG = diacylglycerol; PI = phosphatidylinositol; Cer = ceramide; CE = cholesteryl ester; FA = fatty acid; LPC = lysophosphatidylcholine R* = reactive oxygen species.