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. 2019 Jun 10;17(6):e3000304. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000304

Fig 5. Early isolates of HIV-1 from the blood are deficient in binding and/or fusion with CD4 from some primate species.

Fig 5

(A) 293T cells transiently expressing various Envelope proteins (Envs), and dog thymocytes (Cf2Th cells) stably expressing various primate CD4 receptors and human CCR5, were each transfected with plasmids encoding half of a split Renilla luciferase [79]. These two cell types were then cocultured to induce membrane fusion, which was detected by a luminescent product following the addition of the Renilla luciferase substrate. (B) The percentage of fusion was calculated relative to what was observed with human CD4. Error bars represent the mean + SEM from three to four independent experiments, each with four technical replicates. Values above error bars represent fold decrease relative to human CD4 for those samples that passed significance thresholds (one-way ANOVA for repeated measures effect, Dunnett’s test; P < 0.05). Data associated with this figure can be found in the supplemental data file (S5 Data). CCR5, C-C motif chemokine receptor 5.