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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2020 Jul-Aug;31(4):483–492. doi: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000012

Table 2a.

Gender-Stratified Costs

Males cost (USD)a Females cost (USD)a
N = 65 Mdn   IQR   N = 122 Mdn   IQR  
n % 5th 25th 75th 95th n % 5th 25th 75th 95th
DIRECT COSTS DIRECT COSTS DIRECT COSTS
Any direct non-medical costs 51 78% 1.68 0.39 0.59 2.96 5.53 65 53% 1.58 0.30 0.79 2.86 6.12
Transportation of self
Paid own costs 41 63% 0.69 0.30 0.49 1.18 1.97 55c 45% 0.59 0.20 0.30 0.99 2.37
Costs paid by another 3 5% -- -- -- -- -- 24 20% -- -- -- -- --
No costs 21 32% -- -- -- -- -- 43 35% -- -- -- -- --
Transportation of other person
Accompanied, did not pay transport for other
person
11 17% -- -- -- -- -- 61 50%          
Paid another person’s fare 7 11% 0.59 0.30 0.30 1.18 1.48 12 10% 0.44 0.30 0.30 0.59 0.99
Not accompanied 47 72% -- -- -- -- -- 49 40%          
Mode of transport
Bus 42 65% 73 60%
Walk 19 29% 46 38%
Drove / was driven 3 5% 2 2%
Taxi / motorbike 1 2% 1 1%
Other costs
Any childcare or house help costs 1 2% -- d -- d -- d -- d -- d 2 2% -- d -- d -- d -- d -- d
Any food and drink outside the house 32 49% 1.48 0.49 0.99 1.97 4.93 45 37% 1.97 0.49 0.99 1.97 4.93
INDIRECT COSTS INDIRECT COSTS INDIRECT COSTS
Any indirect costs 10 15% 7.99 0.46 4.54 10.82 13.61 9 7% 7.94 2.16 6.16 14.04 20.10
Wages (monthly)
Had any paying jobb 11 17% 13 11%
Had salaried job 10 15% 133.24 4.93 78.96 246.74 592.18 12 10% 120.90 19.74 51.82 246.74 493.49
Had non-salaried (casual labor) job 6 9% 39.48 1.97 19.74 88.83 98.70 9 7% 49.35 1.97 39.48 148.05 197.39
Did unpaid work 29 45% -- -- -- -- -- 55 45% -- -- -- -- --
Worked regularly on farm 9 14% -- -- -- -- -- 30 25% -- -- -- -- --
Had other source of income 4 6% 14.80 1.97 5.92 34.54 49.35 7 6% 34.54 2.96 4.93 78.96 148.05
Missed work for VCT
Full day 6 9% 3 2%
Half day 4 6% 6 5%
No work missed 55 85% 113 93%
Missed school for VCT
Full day 11 17% 11 9%
Half day 19 29% 37 30%
No school missed 35 54% 74 61%

Note. VCT = voluntary counseling and testing; USD = U.S. dollars.

a.

All medians and percentiles are among those with any costs

b.

Percentages with income from different sources do not add to the percentage with any income because many had more than one source of income

c.

Median and percentiles based on N=52

d.

Too few data points to estimate distribution Values were $2, $3, and $3USD; 2 additionally gave food for housework or childcare

Data provided for costs where primary data was collected and more than 5 observations existed. Estimates based on GDP not shown, except for the total direct non-medical and total indirect costs rows, which contain both measured and estimated values combined.