Table 1.

Studies published from the Indian subcontinent demonstrating an association between local alcoholic beverages and amoebic liver abscess

Study	Year	Country	n	All alcohol consumption (%)	Local alcohol consumption	Remarks
Kannathasan et al.1	2018	Sri Lanka	346	100	79.2% Toddy and arrack	98.4% male EH not found in toddy Peak incidence during dry session
Hai et al.2	1991	India	220	85	85% Toddy	Peak incidence during toddy season (April–July)
Alam et al.3	2014	Bangladesh	90	79	79% NS	Complicated ALA was more common in alcoholic than nonalcoholic drinks
Sinha4	2017	India	95	80	80% Toddy	Toddy drinkers had larger‐sized abscesses, greater complications, and delayed resolution of abscess
Raja and Karthick5	2014	India	108	94	79.6% NS	Alcoholics had larger abscess and more complications

ALA, amoebic liver abscess; EH, Entamoeba hystolytica; NS, not specified.