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. 2019 Jun 20;9:8839. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45400-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Hysteresis of PSII efficiency with respect to PPFD (a) entering (blue) and exiting (red) the solar eclipse with perturbations of PSII after totality. Inset of entering and exiting percent differences relative to dark-acclimated PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm) recovering under high light. Stars denote significant differences (p < 0.05) in light levels between entering and exiting the eclipse. Big sagebrush observed declines in CO₂ assimilation rates (A_L, green) with reduced radiation (b). Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of Fluorpen (black squares) and LiCor fluorometer (yellow) measurements recorded every 30 seconds throughout the eclipse decline until totality (dotted) and recovery to pre-eclipse conditions. Error bars represent standard error (n = 6). Gray shaded areas represent partial soil eclipse. Dashed vertical line represents total solar eclipse.