Table 3.
Characteristics of the study groups- morbidity and pharmacological treatment
| Parameter | Total | OH+ group | OH−group | P valuea | Missing values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) of patients | 353 (100.0) | 57 (16.2) | 296 (83.8) | ||
| Number of chronic diseasesb, Me (IQR) | 5.0 (3.0–6.0) | 5.0 (3.0–6.0) | 5.0 (3.0–6.0) | 0.29 | - |
| Multimorbidity, n (%) | 204 (57.8) | 35 (61.4) | 169 (57.1) | 0.55 | - |
| Parkinson disease, n (%) | 39 (11.1) | 11(19.3) | 28 (9.5) | 0.03 | - |
| Dementia, n (%) | 109 (30.9) | 21 (36.8) | 88 (29.7) | 0.29 | - |
| Depression, n (%) | 160 (55.6) | 25 (55.6) | 135 (55.6) | 1.0 | 65 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 105 (29.7) | 19 (33.3) | 86 (29.1) | 0.52 | - |
| Chronic kidney disease -GFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2, n (%) | 193 (54.7) | 31 (54.4) | 162 (54.7) | 0.96 | 9 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 286 (81.0) | 44 (77.2) | 242 (81.8) | 0.42 | - |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 199 (56.4) | 31 (54.4) | 168 (56.8) | 0.74 | - |
| Chronic cardiac failure, n (%) | 134 (38.0) | 22 (38.6) | 112 (37.8) | 0.91 | |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 77 (21.8) | 12 (21.1) | 65 (22.0) | 0.88 | - |
| Peripheral arterial disease, n (%) | 55 (15.6) | 12 (21.1) | 43 (14.5) | 0.21 | - |
| Stroke/ TIA, n (%) | 39 (11.1) | 8 (14.0) | 31 (10.5) | 0.43 | - |
| Anemia, n (%) | 149 (42.8) | 26 (45.6) | 123 (42.3) | 0.64 | 5 |
| Number of drugs, Me (IQR) | 7.0 (5.0-9.0) | 8.0 (5.0–11.0) | 7.0 (5.0–9.0) | 0.27 | 8 |
| Polypharmacy, n (%) | 278 (80.6) | 44 (80.0) | 234 (80.7) | 0.99 | 8 |
| α1-blockers, n (%) | 25 (7.3) | 8 (14.6) | 17 (59) | 0.02 | 9 |
| Neuroleptics, n (%) | 55 (16.0) | 15 (27.3) | 40 (13.84) | 0.01 | 9 |
| Quetiapine, n (%) | 41 (11.9) | 13 (23.6) | 28 (9.7) | 0.003 | 9 |
| AChE-I n (%) | 36 (10.5) | 7 (12.7) | 29 (10.0%) | 0.55 | 9 |
| Memantine, n (%) | 12 (3.49) | 5 (9.09) | 7 (2.42) | 0.01 | 9 |
| ACE-Is/ARBs, n (%) | 224 (65.10) | 32 (58.2) | 192 (66.4) | 0.24 | 9 |
| ß-blockers, n (%) | 219 (63.66) | 34 (61.82) | 185 (64.01) | 0.76 | 9 |
| Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 102 (29.7) | 17 (30.9) | 85 (29.4) | 0.82 | 9 |
| Digoxin, n (%) | 25 (7.27) | 2 (3.64) | 23 (7.96) | 0.26 | 9 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 170 (49.4) | 30 (54.5) | 140 (48.4) | 0.40 | 9 |
| SSRI, n (%) | 98 (28.49) | 20 (3.36) | 78 (26.99) | 0.16 | 9 |
| Antiparkinsonian drugs, n (%) | 29 (8.2) | 7 (12.3) | 22 (7.4) | 0.22 | 2 |
a - χ2 test or Fisher exact test, as appropriate, for categorical variables; Mann-Whitney test for interval variables; b. of 15 chronic diseases (peripheral arterial disease, ischemic heart disease, chronic cardiac failure, hypertension, stroke, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes/ prediabetes, neoplasm, thyroid gland disease, dementia, parkinsonism, chronic arthritis, chronic renal disease, dementia); Abbreviations: ACEIs- angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; AChE-I- acetylcholine esterase inhibitors; ARBs-angiotensin II receptor blockers; GFR- glomerular filtration rate; IQR- interquartile range; M- mean value; Me- median value; n- number of cases; OH- orthostatic hypotension; TIA-transient ischemic attack; SD- standard deviation; SSRI- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.