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. 2019 Jun 20;9:8876. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45184-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Isoform-level expression analysis in 5 and 200 DAI samples. (A,B) Volcano plots of differentially expressed isoforms at 5 and 200 DAI, respectively. Green and red dots indicate isoforms significantly upregulated (log₂ ≥ 1 and P < 0.05) and downregulated (log₂ ≤ -1 and P < 0.05), respectively, during smut infection. Hierarchical clustering and isoform-level expression dynamics of putative genes associated with (C) cell wall modification, (D) defense signaling, (E) transcription factors, and (F) ROS scavenging are represented by heatmaps (blue: upregulated isoforms; yellow: downregulated isoforms). List of the isoforms used in heatmap analysis are provided in Supplementary Data Set 2.