Table 2.

General effects of probiotics on tumor-bearing or tumor-induced animal models in vivo

Probiotic strain	Model	Induction	Treatment	Result	References
Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei Lactobacillus lactis biovar diacetylactis DRC-1	Rat	DMH	40 weeks	↓ TI ↓ TV ↓ TM	[14]
Bifidobacterium lactis KCTC 5727	SPF C57BL rat	–	19 weeks	↓ TI ↓ TV	[15]
Bacillus polyfermenticus	CD-1 mice	DLD-1 cells injection	20 weeks (injection)	↓ TI ↓ TV	[5]
VSL#3 (Probiotics mixture)	SD rats	TNBS	10 weeks	None of the animals developed CRC	[16]
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG MTCC #1408 Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC #1	SD rats	DMH	19 weeksa	↓ TI ↓ TM	[17]
Lactobacillus plantarum	BALB/c mice	AOM, DSS	Nanosized/ Live bacteria 4 weeks	↓ TI cell cycle arrest Induction of apoptosis	[18]
Lactobacillus plantarum	BALB/c mice	CT26 cells injection	14 weeks	↓ TV Induction of necrosis	[19]
VSL#3 (Probiotics mixture)	C57BL/6 mice	DSS	a	↓ TI ↓ dysplasia	[20]
Lactobacillus plantarum (AdF10) Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG	SD rats	DMH 4 weeks	One of strains 12 weeks	↓ TI ↓ TV ↓ TM	[21]
Lactobacillus salivarius Ren	F344 rats	DMH 10 weeks	2 weeksa	↓ TI	[22]
Lactobacillus acidophilus Bifidobacteria bifidum Bifidobacteria infantum	SD rats	antibiotics DMH	23 weeks	↓ TI ↓ TV	[23]
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG CGMCC 1.2134	SD rats	DMH 10 weeks	25 weeks	↓ TI ↓ TV ↓ TM Induction of apoptosis	[24]
Pediococcus pentosaceus GS4	Swiss albino mice	AOM	4 weeks	↓ TP Induction of apoptosis	[25]
Lactobacillus casei BL23	C57BL/6 mice	DMH	10 weeks	↓ TI	[26]

^aBefore and until the end of experiment

↓ Decrease, TI tumor incidence, TV tumor volume, TM tumor multiplicity, TP tumor progression, AOM azoxymethane, CRC colorectal cancer, DMH 1,2 dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride, DSS dextran sulfate sodium, TNBS trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, SD rat Sprague–Dawley rat