Table 2.
Summary of the pharmacological findings included in this review.
| Behavior | Drug type | Results | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Locomotor | Antagonist (BD-1047) | Inhibited ethanol-induced (1 g/kg) locomotor activity | (Maurice et al., 2003) |
| Agonist (PRE-084) | No effect on ethanol-induced (0.5 g/kg) locomotor activity | (Maurice et al., 2003) | |
| Genetic KO | Inhibited ethanol-induced (1.5 g/kg) locomotor activity | (Valenza et al., 2016) | |
| Genetic KO | No differences in sedative effects of alcohol | (Valenza et al., 2016) | |
| Rewarding properties | Agonist (PRE-084) | Enhanced CPP | (Bhutada et al., 2012; Maurice et al., 2003) |
| Antagonist (BD-1047) | Diminished CPP | (Bhutada et al., 2012) | |
| Home cage drinking | Antagonist (NE-100) | Reduced ethanol intake | (Sabino et al., 2009b) |
| Antagonist (BD-1063) | Reduced ethanol intake | (Blasio et al., 2015) | |
| Genetic KO | Increased ethanol intake and preference | (Valenza et al., 2016) | |
| Operant self-administration | Agonist (DTG) | Induce binge-like drinking | (Sabino et al., 2011) |
| Antagonist (BD-1063) | Reduced ethanol intake | (Sabino et al., 2009a) | |
| Motivation to drink | Agonist (DTG) | Increased breakpoint | (Sabino et al., 2011) |
| Antagonist (BD-1063) | Decreased breakpoint | (Sabino et al., 2009a) | |
| Alcohol deprivation effect | Antagonist (NE-100) | Inhibited alcohol deprivation effect | (Sabino et al., 2009b) |
| Reinstatement of CPP | Agonist (PRE-084) | Induced CPP | (Bhutada et al., 2012) |
| Antagonist (BD-1047) | Inhibited ethanol and PRE-084-induced reinstatement | (Bhutada et al., 2012) | |
| Reinstatement of operant behavior | Antagonist (BD-1047) | Inhibited reinstatement of both food and alcohol cue-induced reinstatement | (Martin-Fardon et al., 2012) |
| Seeking-taking chained schedule of reinforcement | Antagonist (BD-1063) | Reduced alcohol-seeking | (Blasio et al., 2015) |
| Cognitive impairment during alcohol withdrawal | Agonist (igmesine) | Restored cognitive responses in withdrawn mice | (Meunier et al., 2006) |
| Antagonist (BD-1047) | Restored cognitive responses in withdrawn mice | (Meunier et al., 2006) | |
| LTP | Antagonist (BD-1047) | Blocks increase in NMDAR-independent LTP seen in withdrawn rats | (Sabeti and Gruol, 2008) |
| Antagonist (BD-1047) | Blocks action potential spike amplitude and excitatory post-synaptic potentiation in withdrawn rats | (Sabeti, 2011) |
This table summarizes the major findings presented.
BD-1047, N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine; PRE-084, 2-(4-morpholine) ethyl 1-phenylcyclohexame-1-carboxylate; KO, sigma-1 knockout; NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; LTP, long-term potentiation; BD-1063, 1-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpiperazine; NE-100, 4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)-N,N-dipropylbenzeneethanamine; CPP, conditioned place preference; DTG, 1,3-Di-o-tolylguanidine.