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. 2019 Jun 20;9:8834. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45456-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Responses of tracheal epithelial cells to ATP. (a) Representative sequences of confocal images from Cal520-AM loaded tracheal slice before (1), at the peak (2), and after (3) the response activated by 30 μM ATP for 10 s. (b) Calcium transients recorded in the cells highlighted in panel a. Time points indicated by arrows correspond to frame numbers in a. (c) In the same cells, the application of Ringer’s solution did not evoke significant calcium signals. (d) Fluorescence evoked by application of fluorescein was used to measure the rate of perfusion system.