Table 3.

Effects of KP extract on biochemical parameters in rats treated orally for 90 days.

Parameter	Group (females)				Group (males)
	Control	Low-dose	Medium-dose	High-dose	Control	Low-dose	Medium-dose	High-dose
AST (U/L)	64.2 ± 2.9	69.4 ± 9.8	59.4 ± 5.4	67.4 ± 27.3	94.2 ± 24.8	71.6 ± 15.8	87.8 ± 31.8	83.2 ± 17.6
ALT (U/L)	26.6 ± 4.8	31.6 ± 5.5	26.2 ± 3.4	28.4 ± 12.1	40.4 ± 18.3	29.4 ± 5.9	34.4 ± 11.8	35.4 ± 7.2
ALP (U/L)	110.4 ± 23.2	121.6 ± 34.4	147.4 ± 45.1	139.0 ± 88.1	248.2 ± 56.3	246.2 ± 65.9	236.4 ± 13.3	291.8 ± 63.4
Total protein (g/L)	61.0 ± 4.0	61.8 ± 4.0	64.2 ± 4.8	62.6 ± 2.9	56.2 ± 1.3	57.0 ± 2.4	53.8 ± 2.8	55.4 ± 3.5
Albumin (g/L)	30.2 ± 2.8	31.0 ± 2.3	32.4 ± 3.1	31.0 ± 2.1	24.0 ± 1.0	23.8 ± 0.8	22.8 ± 1.3	24.2 ± 1.6
BUN (mmol/L)	6.44 ± 0.48	6.45 ± 1.15	5.38 ± 0.84	6.13 ± 1.25	5.79 ± 0.37	5.88 ± 0.29	6.26 ± 0.54	5.91 ± 0.58
CRE (mmol/L)	33.59 ± 7.40	33.59 ± 3.95	31.82 ± 4.84	26.52 ± 0.00	30.06 ± 4.84	26.52 ± 6.25	30.06 ± 4.84	24.75 ± 3.95
T-BIL (μmol/L)	1.0 ± 0.9	1.0 ± 0.9	1.0 ± 1.5	1.4 ± 0.8	0.7 ± 0.9	0.7 ± 0.9	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0
Glucose (mmol/L)	81.38 ± 10.06	82.82 ± 9.77	81.04 ± 6.79	79.93 ± 5.30	84.71 ± 10.06	85.04 ± 13.39	80.71 ± 8.81	85.37 ± 12.35
T-Cho (mmol/L)	1.83 ± 0.33	1.69 ± 0.18	2.16 ± 0.73	2.08 ± 0.13	1.72 ± 0.27	1.83 ± 0.43	1.74 ± 0.29	2.03 ± 0.44
TG (mmol/L)	0.48 ± 0.10	0.61 ± 0.30	0.99 ± 0.55	0.74 ± 0.24	0.72 ± 0.34	0.84 ± 0.34	0.84 ± 0.61	1.03 ± 0.37

Results are shown as means ± standard deviation (n = 5).

Low dose: 25 mg/kg bw/day; medium dose: 125 mg/kg bw/day; high dose: 249 mg/kg bw/day.

Abbreviations: AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRE, creatinine; T-BIL, total bilirubin; T-Cho, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.