Table 2.
Prevalence of undiagnosed hypothyroidism in European countries
| Study | Location | Period | Sex | Source population | Undiagnosed hypothyroidism |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| subclinical |
overt |
total |
||||||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||||
| Heeringa, 2008 [44]1 | Rotterdam, The Netherlands | 1990 | M | 632 | 39.3 | − | − | − | ||||
| F | 975 | 60.7 | − | − | − | |||||||
| T | 1,607 | 100 | 91 | 5.7 | − | − | ||||||
| Hogervorst, 2008 [46] | UK (England and Wales) | 1998 | M | 513 | 49.0 | − | − | − | ||||
| F | 534 | 51.0 | − | − | − | |||||||
| T | 1,047 | 100 | 33 | 3.2 | 34 | 3.2 | 67 | 6.4 | ||||
| Ceresini, 2009 [41] | Italy | 1998 | M | 519 | 44.3 | − | − | − | ||||
| F | 652 | 55.7 | − | − | − | |||||||
| T | 1,171 | 100 | 26 | 2.2 | 6 | 0.5 | 32 | 2.7 | ||||
| Ittermann, 2010 [39]1 | Pomerania,Germany | 1997– | M | 1,148 | 49.1 | − | − | − | ||||
| 2001 | F | 1,191 | 50.9 | − | − | − | ||||||
| T | 2,339 | 100 | 12 | 0.5 | − | − | ||||||
| Lucas, 2010 [17] | Catalonia, Spain | 2001 | M | 500 | 44.5 | 18 | 3.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 18 | 3.6 | |
| F | 624 | 55.5 | 22 | 3.5 | 3 | 0.5 | 25 | 4.0 | ||||
| T | 1,124 | 100 | 40 | 3.5 | 3 | 0.2 | 43 | 3.8 | ||||
| Asvold, 2011 [42] | Nord-Trøndelag, Norway | 1995– | M | 9,769 | 33.1 | − | − | − | ||||
| 1997 | F | 19,711 | 66.9 | − | − | − | ||||||
| (HUNT 1) | T | 29,480 | 100 | 2,024 | 6.9 | 172 | 0.6 | 2,196 | 7.4 | |||
| Schultz, 2011 [38] | Copenhagen, Denmark | 1998– | M | 253 | 41.8 | 5 | 2.0 | − | − | |||
| 2000 | F | 352 | 58.2 | 26 | 7.4 | − | − | |||||
| T | 605 | 100 | 31 | 5.1 | − | − | ||||||
| de Jongh, 2011 [45] | The Netherlands | 1992– | M | 603 | 49.5 | − | − | − | ||||
| 1993 | F | 616 | 50.5 | − | − | − | ||||||
| T | 1,219 | 100 | 64 | 5.3 | − | − | ||||||
| Dişel, 2012 [48] | Adana, Turkey | 2008– | M | 198 | 53.1 | − | − | − | ||||
| 2009 | F | 175 | 46.9 | − | − | − | ||||||
| T | 373 | 100 | 20 | 5.4 | 4 | 1.1 | 24 | 6.4 | ||||
| Díez, 2012 [43] | Segovia, Spain | 2004– | M | 332 | 36.4 | 3 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.3 | 4 | 1.2 | |
| 2010 | F | 579 | 63.6 | 17 | 2.9 | 5 | 0.9 | 22 | 3.8 | |||
| T | 911 | 100 | 20 | 2.2 | 6 | 0.7 | 26 | 2.9 | ||||
| Resta, 2012 [16] | Bari, Italy | 2008– | M | 177 | 52.5 | 15 | 8.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 15 | 8.5 | |
| 2010 | F | 160 | 47.5 | 27 | 16.9 | 1 | 0.6 | 28 | 17.5 | |||
| T | 337 | 100 | 42 | 12.5 | 1 | 0.3 | 43 | 12.8 | ||||
| Asvold, 2013 [15] | Nord-Trøndelag, Norway | 1995– | M | 10,643 | 31.4 | 224 | 2.1 | 21 | 0.2 | 245 | 2.3 | |
| 1997 | F | 23,274 | 68.6 | 698 | 3.0 | 186 | 0.8 | 884 | 3.8 | |||
| (HUNT 2)2,3 | T | 33,917 | 100 | 922 | 2.7 | 207 | 0.6 | 1,129 | 3.3 | |||
| Asvold, 2013 [15] | Nord-Trøndelag, Norway | 2006– | M | 22,358 | 45.5 | 224 | 1.0 | 22 | 0.1 | 246 | 1.1 | |
| 2008 | F | 26,822 | 54.5 | 295 | 1.1 | 27 | 0.1 | 322 | 1.2 | |||
| (HUNT 3)2,3 | T | 49,180 | 100 | 519 | 1.1 | 49 | 0.1 | 568 | 1.2 | |||
| Delitala, 2014 [18] | Sardinia, Italy | 2001 | M | 2,826 | 45.2 | − | − | − | ||||
| F | 3,426 | 54.8 | − | − | − | |||||||
| T | 6,252 | 100 | 293 | 4.7 | 42 | 0.7 | 335 | 5.4 | ||||
| Formiga, 2013 [34] | Barcelona, Spain | 2009 | M | 123 | 45.4 | 9 | 7.3 | − | − | |||
| F | 184 | 54.6 | 11 | 6.0 | − | − | ||||||
| T | 307 | 100 | 20 | 6.5 | − | − | ||||||
| Kovar, 2015 [35] | Vienna, Austria | 1993– 2004 | M | 31,577 | 39.2 | 868 | 2.7 | − | − | |||
| F | 48,913 | 60.8 | 3,066 | 6.3 | − | − | ||||||
| T | 80,490 | 100 | 3,934 | 3.7 | − | − | ||||||
| Ludwig, 2015 [40] | Leutkirch, Germany | 2002 | M | 674 | 52.8 | − | − | − | ||||
| F | 602 | 47.2 | − | − | − | |||||||
| T | 1,276 | 100 | 34 | 2.7 | 18 | 1.4 | 52 | 4.1 | ||||
| Pfister, 2015 [47]1 | Norfolk, UK | 1993– 1997 | M | 5,461 | 46.9 | − | − | − | ||||
| F | 6,181 | 53.1 | − | − | − | |||||||
| T | 11,642 | 100 | 607 | 5.2 | − | − | ||||||
| Valdés,2017 [19] | Spain | 2009–2010 | M | 1,932 | 42.4 | 65 | 3.4 | 1 | 0.1 | 66 | 3.4 | |
| F | 2,622 | 57.6 | 145 | 5.5 | 16 | 0.6 | 161 | 6.1 | ||||
| T | 4,554 | 100 | 210 | 4.6 | 17 | 0.3 | 227 | 5.0 | ||||
| Veltri, 2017 [36] | Brussels, Belgium | 2015 | M | 151 | 22.3 | − | − | − | ||||
| F | 525 | 77.7 | − | − | − | |||||||
| T | 676 | 100 | 47 | 6.9 | − | − | ||||||
| Elenkova, 2017 [37] | Sofia, Bulgaria | 2009–2012 | M | 0 | 0.0 | − | − | − | ||||
| F | 106 | 100 | 3 | 2.8 | − | − | ||||||
| T | 106 | 100 | 3 | 2.8 | − | − | ||||||
M, male; F, female; T, total.
1
Data obtained from Baumgartner et al. [50].
2
Table presents data from Asvold et al. [15]. Fleiner et al. [81] reported results for untreated total hypothyroidism in patients without diabetes from HUNT 2 (men, 2.2%; women, 3.7%; both sexes, 3.7%) and HUNT 3 (men, 1.2%; women, 1.3%; both sexes, 1.2%).
3
Absolute values were calculated based on percentages.