Fig. 2.

mRNAs indicative of contractile smooth muscle are elevated in the muscularis of obese subjects and in subjects with gastroparesis. Total RNA was isolated from the muscle layer of biopsies obtained from 9 control subjects with low BMI, 10 control subjects with high BMI and 13 subjects with idiopathic gastroparesis and low BMI. qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression of each of the indicated mRNAs. Data presented were normalized to an internal control encoding TBP and are expressed relative to levels in the control low BMI subjects. Relative expression =2^-ΔΔCt, where ΔΔCt = (Ct_{High BMI or Gastroparesis}-Ct_TBP) – (Ct_{Low BMI control}-Ct_TBP). Each point represents an individual subject. The mean ± SEM are also indicated. Significant differences between groups were identified using one-way Anova analysis with a Kruskal-Wallis test and a Duns Multiple Comparison post-test