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. 2019 Jun 21;18:18. doi: 10.1186/s12941-019-0318-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Association of second-trimester antibiotic exposure and infant gut microbiome at 3 and 12 months. The graph shows the estimated differences in log odds of expected bacterial ASV (microbiota) relative abundance in the stool of 3-month-old infants either exposed (n = 12) versus not exposed (n = 56) to antibiotics during the second trimester (top panel) and 12-month-old infants either exposed (n = 10) versus not exposed (n = 40) to antibiotics during the second trimester (bottom panel). The highlighted circles below the dashed line indicate bacterial ASVs significantly associated (FDR-adjusted P-value < 0.05) with antibiotic exposure in the second trimester. Detailed information of these ASVs can be found in Additional file 3: Table S2. ASV indicates amplicon sequence variant; FDR, false discovery rate