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. 2019 Jun 14;10:1374. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01374

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Dysbiosis and the recolonization of the gut microbiota are associated with changes to microglia and axonal damage in the spinal cord. (A) Representative images of transversal spinal cord sections immunostained with Iba-1 to label microglia. Scale bar 50 μm. In the bottom it is represented higher magnification reconstruction images (63x) of Iba1 stained cells to show the changes in morphology. Scale bar 10 μm. These images are accompanied by a quantification of the relative area occupied by Iba-1 staining. (B) Expression of the inflammatory markers (mIL-1b, mTNF-α, mIL-4, or mIL-10) in the spinal cord was assessed by qRT-PCR analysis and using the 2−ΔΔCt method. (C) Representative images of axonal damage in the spinal cord visualized by Neurofilament-H staining (Scale bar 50 μm). Higher magnification pictures are also presented (Scale bar 25 μm) along with quantification of the area stained with Neurofilament-H. Statistics: *p < 0.05 vs. S; ***p < 0.001 vs. S; #p < 0.05 vs. T; ##p < 0.01 vs. T; +p < 0.05 vs. TAA; +++p < 0.01 vs. TAA.