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. 2018 Nov 9;144(2):297–310. doi: 10.1002/ijc.31918

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© 2018 The Authors. International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of UICC.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Melphalan activates p53 in HPV16 positive tonsillar cancer cells. (a) Western blot with monospecific antibody to p53 or actin on extracts from HN26 or 293T cells. Extract from 293T cells serves as a positive control for p53 protein. (b) Western blot with monospecific antibody to p53 or actin on extracts from C33A2 cells treated with DMSO or 100 μM melphalan for the indicated time points. (c, d) Western blot with monospecific antibody to p53 or actin on extracts from HN26 cells treated with DMSO or melphalan for the indicated time points. Two different concentrations of melphalan were used in c (100 μM) and d (50 μM). (e) Western blot with monospecific antibody to PARP1, caspase 3, p53 or actin on extracts from HPV16‐immortalized human keratinocyte cell line 3,310 treated with DMSO or 100 μM melphalan for the indicated time points. (f) Western blots with monospecific antibodies to phosphorylated ATM (p‐ATM), ATM, phosphorylated Chk1 (p‐Chk1), Chk1 or actin on extracts from 3,310 cells treated with DMSO or 100 μM melphalan for the indicated time points.