Figure 8.

Prostratin intervened the inhibitory effect of berberine (BBR) on oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐induced macrophage activation. THP‐1‐derived macrophages were pretreated with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), BBR (25 μM), rosuvastatin (25 μM), and BBR (25 μM) and rosuvastatin (25 μM), in the presence or absence of prostratin (10 μg/ml) for 1 hr and then induced for 24 hr by 100 μg/ml ox‐LDL. (a) The lipid accumulation was confirmed by oil red O stain. (b) The IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β expression in macrophages was evaluated by real‐time PCR. (c, d) CD11b and CD86 on macrophages were measured by flow cytometry. Data are represented as mean ± SD. n ≥ 3. ^** p < 0.01 and ^*** p < 0.001 versus ox‐LDL group; versus ox‐LDL group; ^# p < 0.05 versus ox‐LDL + BBR group; ^& p < 0.05 versus ox‐LDL + rosuvastatin group. Scale bar = 100 μm [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]