Table 1.
Baseline demographic characteristics (potential prognostic factors): for patients achieving LDL cholesterol target in mean value
| Intensive group | Standard group | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 703) | (n = 1206) | P | |
| Male | 365 (51.9) | 525 (43.5) | <0.001* |
| Age, yearsa | 62.7 (10.8) | 63.6 (10.1) | 0.23 † |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.2 (4.2) | 25.5 (4.2) | <0.001 † |
| Lipid‐lowering agentsb | |||
| None | 386 (54.9) | 472 (39.1) | <0.001* |
| 1 drug | 316 (45.0) | 733 (60.8) | |
| ≥2 drugs | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Statinsb | <0.001* | ||
| No | 428 (60.9) | 511 (42.4) | |
| Yes | 275 (39.1) | 695 (57.6) | |
| Smokingc | 136 (19.3) | 204 (16.9) | 0.01* |
| Family history | |||
| Coronary artery disease | 86 (12.2) | 165 (13.7) | 0.37* |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 146 (20.8) | 261 (21.6) | 0.65* |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 12.3 (8.3) | 13.4 (9.1) | 0.02 † |
| Diabetic complications | |||
| Neuropathy | 217 (30.9) | 382 (31.7) | 0.71* |
| Nephropathy | 385 (54.8) | 614 (50.9) | 0.10* |
| Hypertension | 532 (75.7) | 852 (70.6) | 0.02* |
| Funduscopyd | |||
| Simple retinopathy | 454 (64.6) | 785 (65.1) | 0.99* |
| Preproliferative retinopathy | 141 (20.1) | 243 (20.1) | |
| Proliferative retinopathy | 103 (14.7) | 170 (14.1) | |
| Othere | 3 (0.4) | 5 (0.4) | |
| HbA1c, %a | 7.71 (1.20) | 7.71 (1.19) | 0.91 † |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/Lf | 2.42 (0.62) | 2.79 (0.61) | <0.001 † |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 75.1 (21.7) | 74.6 (19.6) | 0.81 † |
Abbreviations: HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
Data are mean (SD) or n (%).
*The χ2 test without Yates' correction.
†Wilcoxon rank sum test.
Values obtained at the time of consent.
Values obtained at provisional enrolment.
Not including past smokers.
Diagnosed by ophthalmologists based on the modified Davis classification.
Includes five patients who had a history of laser therapy but no funduscopic findings at enrolment. The remaining three patients were found to be retinopathy‐negative after enrolment.
Values were calculated using the Friedewald equation; LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol − [HDL cholesterol + triglycerides/5].