Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of the participants across the depressive symptom and cardiometabolic abnormalities groups
| noDnoCM | DnoCM | noDCM | DCM | P value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (Total: 4859) | 2301 | 309 | 1907 | 342 | |
| Age (M ± SD) | 64.87 ± 9.36 | 66.50 ± 11.13 | 66.76 ± 9.15 | 67.39 ± 9.37 | P < 0.001 |
| Gender (N, %) | |||||
| Male | 1065 (46.3) | 85 (27.5) | 906 (47.5) | 124 (36.3) | P < 0.001 |
| Female | 1236 (53.7) | 224 (72.5) | 1001 (52.5) | 218 (63.7) | |
| Education (N, %) | |||||
| Higher education | 723 (31.4) | 71 (23.0) | 456 (23.9) | 52 (15.3) | P < 0.001 |
| High school or college | 935 (40.6) | 117 (37.9) | 732 (38.4) | 111 (32.6) | |
| No qualification | 643 (27.9) | 121 (39.2) | 719 (37.7) | 177 (52.1) | |
| Net wealth (N, %) | |||||
| 5 (highest) | 650 (28.7) | 57 (18.7) | 328 (17.4) | 27 (7.9) | P < 0.001 |
| 4 | 547 (24.2) | 43 (14.1) | 412 (21.9) | 58 (17.0) | |
| 3 | 454 (20.1) | 67 (22.0) | 418 (22.2) | 68 (19.9) | |
| 2 | 370 (16.3) | 68 (22.3) | 382 (20.3) | 82 (24.0) | |
| 1 (lowest) | 243 (10.7) | 70 (23.0) | 342 (18.2) | 107 (31.3) | |
| Marital status (N, %) | |||||
| Single | 1626 (70.7) | 144 (46.6) | 1322 (69.3) | 173 (50.6) | P < 0.001 |
| Married | 187 (8.1) | 37 (12.0) | 131 (6.9) | 22 (6.4) | |
| Separate | 453 (19.7) | 120 (38.8) | 432 (22.7) | 136 (39.8) | |
| Widowed | 35 (1.5) | 8 (2.6) | 22 (1.2) | 11 (3.2) | |
| Physical activity (N, %) | |||||
| Sedentary/low | 392 (17.0) | 126 (40.8) | 578 (30.3) | 165 (48.4) | P < 0.001 |
| Moderate | 1280 (55.7) | 139 (45.0) | 1002 (52.6) | 150 (44.0) | |
| High | 628 (27.3) | 44 (14.2) | 326 (17.1) | 26 (7.6) | |
| Smoking status (N, %) | |||||
| Never smoked | 961 (41.8) | 103 (33.4) | 696 (36.5) | 101 (29.5) | P < 0.001 |
| Former smoker | 1104 (48.0) | 160 (51.9) | 982 (51.5) | 179 (52.3) | |
| Current smoker | 234 (10.2) | 45 (14.6) | 229 (12.0) | 62 (18.1) | |
| Cardiovascular comorbidity (N, %) | |||||
| Yes | 447 (19.4) | 88 (28.5) | 431 (22.6) | 113 (33.0) | P < 0.001 |
| Cognitive function (M ± SD) | 30.28 ± 6.10 | 28.21 ± 6.80 | 29.04 ± 6.01 | 26.67 ± 6.47 | P < 0.001 |
Note. noDnoCM: no or low depressive symptoms and no cardiometabolic abnormalities group; DnoCM: high depressive symptoms only group; noDCM: cardiometabolic abnormalities only group; DCM: comorbid high depressive symptoms and cardiometabolic abnormalities group.
*
Chi‐square for categorical variables, one‐way ANOVA for continuous variable (Age and cognitive function), and P values estimate the main effect among all four groups.