Fig. 5. IL-4Rα^−/− offspring nursed on NbM dams have enhanced lymphocyte-mediated immunity against Nb infection.

(A) Three-day-old IL-4Rα^−/− pups were fostered on either WT NvM or NbM dams. Offspring were infected when 14 days old with 250 × Nb L3 and euthanized at day 5 PI, and intestinal worm burdens were quantified. (B) Nb-specific serum IgG1, anti-CD3 restimulated splenocyte IL-13, lung homogenate levels of IL-13, and CD3⁺CD4⁺IL-13⁺ T cells/MST were quantified in IL-4Rα^−/− pups. (C) Numbers of immune cells in breast milk pellets from the stomachs of 10-day-old pups nursed by WT NvM or NbM dams. All data are representative of a minimum of two experimental repeats. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.