Table 1. Common vectors of exotic mosquito-borne diseases in humans and the main diseases they carry.
| Mosquito genus | Mosquito species or species complex | Global distribution | Main disease/s carried | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aedes | Ae. aegypti | North and South America, Middle East, Africa, India/Western Asia and Southeast Asia and the Pacific | CHIKV, dengue, YF and ZIKV | (2,3,14) |
| Ae. albopictusa | North and South America, Europe and Middle East, Africa, India/Western Asia and Southeast Asia and the Pacific | CHIKV, dengue and ZIKV (to a lesser degree than Ae. aegypti) | (2,3,14,20) | |
| Ae. polynesiensis | South Pacific Islands | LF (W. bancrofti) and dengue | (12) | |
| Ae. scapularis | North and South America | LF (W. bancrofti) | (12) | |
| Ae. pseudoscutellaris | South Pacific Islands | LF (W. bancrofti) and dengue | (12,21,22) | |
| Anopheles | An. albimanus, An. albitarsis, An. aquasalis, An. darlingi, An. freebornib, An. marajoara, An. nuneztovari, An. pseudopunctipennis, An. quadrimaculatusb | North and South America | Malaria | (4,19) |
| An. atroparvus, An. labranchiae, An. Messeae, An. sacharovi, An. sergentii, An. superpictus | Europe and Middle East | Malaria | (4) | |
| An. arabiensis, An. funestusc, An. gambiaec, An. melas, An. merus, An. moucheti, An. nili | Africa | Malaria Malaria and LF (W. bancrofti)c |
(4,12,23) | |
| An. culicifacies, An. stephensi, An. fluviatilis | India/Western Asia | Malaria | (4) | |
| An. aconitus, An. annularis, An. balabacensis, An. barbirostrisd, An. culicifacies, An. dirus, An. farauti, An. flavirostris, An. fluviatilis, An. koliensis, An. lesteri, An. leucosphyrus/latens, An. maculatus, An. minimus, An. punctulatus, An. sinensis, An. stephensi, An. subpictus, An. sundaicus | Southeast Asia and the Pacific | Malaria Malaria and LF (B. timori)d |
(4,12) | |
| Culex | Cx. tritaeniorhychus | Southeast Asia and the Pacific, Africa, Middle East | JE, Rift Valley fever, Murray Valley encephalitis virus | (24,25) |
| Cx. quinquefasciatus | North, Central and South America, Southeast Asia | LF (W. bancroft) | (12,23) | |
| Mansonia | Various species | Asia and the Pacific | LF (B. malayi) | (12,23) |
Abbreviations: Ae., Aedes; An., Anopheles; B., Brugia; CHIKV, chikungunya virus; Cx., Culex; JE, Japanese encephalitis; LF, lymphatic filariasis; W., Wuchereria; YF, yellow fever; ZIKV, Zika virus
a Species that have recently established in Canada (20)
b Species that are established in Canada (19)
c Species (An. funestus and An. gambiae) that transmit both malaria and LF (W. bancrofti)
d Species (An. barbirostris) that transmit both malaria and LF (B. timori)