Table 1.
Characteristics of the study cohort and comparisons between patients with and without renal involvement in primary Sjögren’s syndrome
| Characteristic | Without renal involvement (N = 217) | With renal involvement (N = 217) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 57.31 ± 9.69 | 58.41 ± 15.59 | 0.375 |
| Sex, female (%) | 192 (88.48) | 192 (88.48) | 1.000 |
| Disease duration, mo | 24(6, 72) | 24(5, 60) | 0.9616 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 19 (8.76) | 29 (13.36) | 0.126 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 54 (24.88) | 63 (29.03) | 0.330 |
| Interstitial lung diseases, n (%) | 30 (13.82) | 35 (16.83) | 0.390 |
| Hyperlipemia, n (%) | 113 (52.07) | 100 (46.08) | 0.212 |
| Xerostomia (%) | 119 (59.20) | 118 (58.71) | 0.598 |
| Xerophthalmia (%) | 94 (46.53) | 62 (30.85)* | 0.001 |
| Fatigue, n (%) | 29 (13.43) | 32 (14.75) | 0.693 |
| Fever, n (%) | 36 (16.67) | 43 (19.82 | 0.396 |
| Myalgia, n (%) | 8 (3.86) | 6 (2.87) | 0.574 |
| Arthralgia, n (%) | 67 (32.21) | 51 (24.29) | 0.072 |
| LSGB, lymphocytic focus ≥1, n (%) | 137 (63.13) | 159 (73.27)* | 0.023 |
| ANA‐positive (ANA > 1:320), n (%) | 205 (97.62) | 205 (94.47) | 0.096 |
| Anti‐SSA/Ro60‐positive, n (%) | 152 (72.38) | 154 (71.30) | 0.804 |
| Anti‐SSA/Ro52‐positive, n (%) | 135 (64.29) | 106 (49.07)* | 0.002 |
| Anti‐La/SSB‐positive, n (%) | 89 (42.38) | 102 (47.22) | 0.315 |
| Low C3 levels (<0.9 g/L), n (%) | 95 (47.50) | 120 (57.14) | 0.051 |
| Low C4 levels (<0.1 g/L), n (%) | 6 (3.12) | 12 (5.71) | 0.210 |
| Hypergammaglobulinemia (>16 g/L), n (%) | 122 (57.28) | 114 (53.02) | 0.376 |
| RF‐positive, n (%) | 96 (53.04) | 70 (42.17)* | 0.043 |
| ESR, mm/h | 30.67 ± 21.03 | 40.67 ± 25.13* | <0.001 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 2.55 (1.38, 5.98) | 2.29 (1.51, 8.45) | 0.434 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 118 (110, 129) | 109 (99, 124)* | <0.001 |
| ESSDAI | 5 (3, 7) | 7 (5, 9)* | <0.001 |
| ESSPRI | 2.33 (1.66, 3.33) | 2.67 (1.66, 3.33) | 0.791 |
ANA, antinuclear antibodies; C3, complement 3; C4, complement 4; CRP, C‐reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ESSDAI, European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren’s syndrome disease activity index; ESSPRI, European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren’s syndrome patient reported index; LSGB, labial salivary gland biopsy; RF, rheumatoid factor.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or as n (%).
*
Significantly different from corresponding values at P < 0.05.