Table 6.
Herbal formula that improves insulin resistance.
| Type | Model | Herbal formula | Inducer | Animal/cell | Major findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In vivo | Type 2 diabetic mellitus | SGY preparation | High-fat diet and STZ | db/db mice | PI3K/Akt, IRS-1, GLUT4 | (Xing and Chen, 2018) |
| In vivo | Type 2 diabetic mellitus | Dai-Zong-Fang | − | db/db mice | Akt, IRS-1, AMPK, GLUT4 | (Zhu et al., 2018) |
| In vitro | Insulin resistance | Zengye Decoction (ZYD) | Insulin-induced | HepG2 cells | AMPK | (Liu Z. et al., 2018) |
| In vivo | Diabetic | Jia-Wei-Jiao-Tai-Wan (JWJTW) | STZ and a high-sucrose-high-fat diet | Rats | IRS, PI3K, GLUT4 | (Chen et al., 2017) |
| In vivo | Insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | Seyoeum (SYE) | High-fat diet | C57BL/6 mice | IRS-1, IRS-2 | (Na et al., 2017) |
| In vitro | Insulin resistance | Wu-Mei-Wan | Palmitate | HepG2 cells | PI3K/Akt, GLUT4, IRS | (Yang et al., 2017) |
| In vivo and in vitro | Type 2 diabetic mellitus | Preparation JQ-R | Palmitic acid | KKAy mice and cells | NF-κB, PI3K/AKt, JNK, MAPK | (Liu et al., 2017) |
| In vivo | Type 2 diabetic mellitus | Fenugreek seed and mulberry leaf | High-fat diet and alloxan | Rats | GLUT4 | (Kan et al., 2017) |
| In vivo and in vitro | Insulin resistance | Erchen Decoction and Linguizhugan Decoction | High-fat diet | Rats | NF-κB, IRS-1 | (Zhang H. et al., 2017) |
| In vivo | Chronic partial sleep deprivation, obesity-resistant | Jiao-Tai-Wan (JTW) | High-fat, high-energy diet, environmental noise | SD rats | NF-κB | (Zou et al., 2017) |
| In vivo | Metabolic syndrome | Modified lingguizhugan decoction | High-fat diet | Rat | Akt | (Yao et al., 2017) |
| In vivo | Type 2 diabetic mellitus | Jiang Tang Xiao Ke (JTXK) granule | High-fat diet and STZ | KKAy mice | PI3K/Akt, IRS-1, GLUT4, GSK3β | (Yu et al., 2017) |
| In vivo | Insulin resistance | Jiangzhi Capsule | Liquid fructose | Rats | GLUT4, Akt | (Jiang L. et al., 2016) |
| In vivo | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Liuwei Dihuang decoction | High-fat diets and STZ | SD rats | PI3K/Akt, IRS2 | (Dai et al., 2016) |
| In vivo | Type 2 diabetic mellitus | ZiBu PiYin Recipe (ZBPYR) | High-fat diets and STZ | Rat | GSK3β | (Sun Z. et al., 2016) |
| In vivo | Insulin resistance | Jinlida | High-fat diet | Mice | IRS-1 | (Jin et al., 2015) |
| In vivo | Polycystic ovary syndrome | Shouwu Jiangqi Decoction (SJD) | Sodium sulfate prasterone, high-fat diet | SD rats | IRS-1, PI3K | (Wang et al., 2016) |
| In vivo | Pre-diabetic | Tang-Nai-Kang (TNK) | Rats | AMPK, PPARγ | (Li et al., 2015) | |
| In vivo | Insulin resistance | Jinlida (JLD) | High-fat diet | Rats | JNK, p38MAPK | (Liu Y. et al., 2015) |
| In vitro | Insulin resistance | Modified Si-Miao-San (mSMS) | Conditioned medium derived from activated macrophages | 3T3-L1 adipocytes | NF-κB, AMPK, PI3K, IRS-1 | (Yang J. et al., 2014) |
| In vivo | Diabetic atherosclerosis | Gal-geun-dang-gwi-tang (GGDGT) | Western diet | (ApoE-/-) mice | IRS-1 | (Lee et al., 2014) |
| In vivo and in vitro | Insulin resistance | Gyeongshingangjeehwan 18 (GGEx18) | High-fat diet | C57BL/6J mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes | AMPK, PPARα | (Oh et al., 2015) |
| In vivo and in vitro | Insulin resistance | Salvia-Nelumbinis naturalis (SNN) | HC diet | HepG2 cells and rats | Akt, IRS | (Zhang et al., 2014) |
| In vivo | Insulin resistance | Kangen-karyu and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix | − | Rats | PI3K/Akt, p38MAPK, NF-κB | (Park C. et al., 2014) |
| In vivo | Polycystic ovarian syndrome | Bushen Huatan Recipe (BHR) | Dehydroeplandrosterone | Rats | Akt, GSK-3β, GLUT4, IRS-1, PPAR-γ | (Hong and Wu, 2014) |
| In vivo and in vitro | Metabolic syndrome | Fu Fang Zhen Zhu Tiao Zhi formula (FTZ) | High insulin and high-fat diet | HepG2 cells and rats | PI3K, IRS-1 | (Hu et al., 2014) |
| In vivo | Type 2 diabetic mellitus | Fructus Mume formula and its separated prescription | High-fat diet and STZ | Rats | IRS-1, GlUT-4 | (Li et al., 2013) |
| In vivo | Insulin resistance | Refined-JQ (JQ-R) | High-fat diet | C57BL/6J mice | AMPK | (Gao et al., 2014) |
| In vivo | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | TZQ-F | High-fat diet | KKA(y) mice | PPARγ, IRS-1, IRS-2, GLUT1, PI3K | (Nan Xia et al., 2013) |
| In vivo | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Jiaotai Pill (JTP) | STZ and high fat diet | Rats | PI3K, IRS-1, GLUT4 | (Dong et al., 2013) |
| In vivo | Polycystic ovary syndrome | Heqi San | Dehydroepiandrosterone | Female SD rats | PI3K/Akt, GLTU4 | (Zhao et al., 2017) |
| In vivo | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Fructus Mume formula | High-fat diet and STZ | Rats | IRS-1, GLUT4 | (Li et al., 2013) |