Table 2.

Kinematic performance of the executed gestures with the virtual tools by each group of participants under the two motion scaling conditions

	Novice		Expert Neurosurgeon		P
	DMS	CMS	DMS
Path length [cm]	173.87 ± 47.66	128.87 ± 55.22	174.46 ± 45.27	126.06 ± 60.09	0.001
Velocity [cm/s]	0.874 ± 0.265	0.668 ± 0.290	0.957 ± 0.308	0.603 ± 0.235	0.05
Acceleration [cm/s2]	26.394 ± 8.925	35.664 ± 19.419	29.916 ± 6.571	30.588 ± 7.913	NP
Jerk [cm/s3]	2007.34 ± 644.34	2582.25 ± 1347.99	2363.57 ± 597.86	2413.42 ± 685.98	NP